First report of groundnut bud necrosis virus natural occurrence in Solanum nigrum L. in India
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First report of groundnut bud necrosis virus natural occurrence in Solanum nigrum L. in India Amruta S. Bhat 1 & Vanipenta Laxmidevi 1 & M. Krishna Reddy 2 Received: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 2 May 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Keywords GBNV . Reservoir host . Black nightshade
Solanum nigrum L, commonly known as black nightshade (makhoi in India) belongs to the family Solanaceae, is distributed worldwide. It is considered a weed species of agriculture and horticulture crops in most parts of the world besides being cultivated in some countries (Jagatheeswari et al. 2013). In a study conducted during 2014–2016 to identify weed hosts harbouring groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV, genus Orthotospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) in and around GBNV infected tomato fields from Budamanahalli (Bengaluru rural district, Karnataka, India), it was observed that many S. nigrum plants showed symptoms of possible viral infections. The plants showed mosaic pattern on young leaves and mild mosaic or yellow dotting on older leaves. The testing of samples (symptomatic −25 and asymptomatic −5) by DAC-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies raised against GBNV nucleocapsid (N) protein reported to detect all serogroup IV tospoviruses (Mandal and Jain 2010) indicated the presence of the virus in all the symptomatic plants. To further confirm the presence of GBNV, total RNA was extracted from symptomatic and healthy leaf samples using TRI reagent (Sigma-Aldrich USA) and subjected to RT-PCR using GBNV specific primers (FP - 5’TTACAATTCCAGCG AAGGAC 3′, RP -5’AGAGCAATCGAGGCGCTAA 3′). All the symptomatic samples showed an amplicon of size 898 bp. RT-PCR product was cloned in pTZ57R/T vector, sequenced and N gene sequence deposited in GenBank (KX244340). The sequence analysis confirmed it to be
* Amruta S. Bhat [email protected] 1
College of Horticulture, GKVK, Bengaluru 560065, India
2
ICAR –Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessarghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru 560089, India
GBNV. Apart from Budamanahalli fields, S. nigrum samples collected from other places of Karnataka and Telangana were also positive for presence of GBNV. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of natural occurrence of GBNV on S. nigrum from India. S. nigrum is known to act as a reservoir host for tomato spotted wilt virus and vector Thrips tabaci in tobacco crop (Chatzivassiliou et al. 2007). Present study suggests that it might also serve as an important reservoir host for GBNV in tomato. Acknowledgements Amruta acknowledges Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for funding under BioCARe programme and Prof. V. Muniyappa for field facilities.
References Chatzivassiliou EK, Peters D, Katis NI (2007) The role of weeds in the spread of tomato spotted wilt virus by Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in tobacco crops. J Phytopathol 155(11–12):699–705 Jagatheeswari D, Bharathi T, Sheik Jahabar AH (2013) Black night shade (Solanum nigrum L.) - an updated overview. International Journal of Pharm
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