Flavonoids from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus : promising phytomedicines for the treatment of liver di
- PDF / 2,270,662 Bytes
- 18 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 40 Downloads / 156 Views
Chinese Medicine Open Access
REVIEW
Flavonoids from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus: promising phytomedicines for the treatment of liver diseases Jianzhi Wu, Guangrui Huang, Yajing Li and Xiaojiaoyang Li*
Abstract Background: Liver diseases and related complications are major sources of morbidity and mortality, which places a huge financial burden on patients and lead to nonnegligible social problems. Therefore, the discovery of novel therapeutic drugs for the treatment of liver diseases is urgently required. Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) and Aurantii Fructus (AF) are frequently used herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for the treatment of diverse ailments. A variety of bioactive ingredients have been isolated and identified from AFI and AF, including alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and volatile oils. Main body: Emerging evidence suggests that flavonoids, especially hesperidin (HD), naringenin (NIN), nobiletin (NOB), naringin (NRG), tangeretin (TN), hesperetin (HT) and eriodictyol (ED) are major representative bioactive ingredients that alleviate diseases through multi-targeting mechanisms, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis and anti-tumor mechanisms. In the current review, we summarize the recent progress in the research of hepatoprotective effects of HD, NIN, NOB, NRG, TN, HT and ED and highlight the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. We also point out the limitations of the current studies and shed light on further in-depth pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of these bioactive flavonoids. Conclusion: This review outlines the recent advances in the literature and highlights the potential of these flavonoids isolated from AFI and AF as therapeutic agents for the treatment of liver diseases. Further pharmacological studies will accelerate the development of natural products in AFI and AF and their derivatives as medicines with tantalizing prospects in the clinical application. Keywords: Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Aurantii Fructus, Liver diseases, Flavonoids, Hesperidin, Naringenin Background Liver diseases and complications are major sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide and have become a significant economic burden and nonnegligible public health issues. Liver diseases include cholestasis, viral and non-viral hepatitis, fatty liver diseases, drug-induced liver injury, liver fibrosis, and devastating end-stage liver disorders, including cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma *Correspondence: [email protected] School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
(HCC), and cholangiocyte carcinoma (CCA) [1, 2]. The poor understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis and limited treatment targets and strategies have brought great challenges to the clinical management of liver diseases. At present, most of the therapeutic options for chronic liver diseases are strong oxidant scavengers, which usually have off-target or adver
Data Loading...
