Fruit Development and ABA Biosynthesis During Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) Seed Maturation
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Fruit Development and ABA Biosynthesis During Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) Seed Maturation Iara Veloso Rodrigues1 · Paulo Sérgio Nascimento Lopes1 · Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro2 · Maria Olívia Mercadante‑Simões2 · Cristina de Paula Santos Martins1 · Felipe Ramos Vieira1 · Ane Patrícia Cacique1 · Demerson Arruda Sanglard1 · Flaviano Oliveira Silvério1 Received: 21 January 2019 / Accepted: 7 October 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Little is currently known about the interactions between structural and physiological factors in Neotropical fruit development. We sought to characterize fruit development and the dynamics of ABA biosynthesis during seed maturation in Caryocar brasiliense, a tree species endemic to the Cerrado biome of Brazil. Biometric evaluations were made of both the pericarp and seed during fruit development. ABA1, NCED4, and NCED9 expression were evaluated in embryonic tissues during seed maturation, as well as anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations, in vitro and ex vitro embryo cultures, and ABA quantifications. Fruit development demonstrated three stages: histodifferentiation (0–40 days after anthesis—DAA); endocarp maturation (40–60 DAA); and the conclusion of mesocarp and seed maturation (60–90 DAA). The embryos showed early degrees of differentiation: hypocotyl expansion, development of the leaf primordia, and vascularization. Seed maturation occurred (from 40 DAA) concomitantly with the development of endocarp aculei in four phases influenced by ABA dynamics. The beginning of reserve deposition and the acquisition of dehydration tolerance were related to increases in extra-embryonic ABA. ABA biosynthesis at the radicular pole was related to increased reserve deposition and dehydration tolerance (which was not associated with the occurrence of a desiccation phase). The maturation of C. brasiliense seeds is influenced by embryonic and extra-embryonic ABA, and the dormancy of the pyrenes results from the interaction of the effects of that hormone and pericarp tissue. Keywords Abscisic acid · Embryo · Reserve deposition · Germination · Pericarp · Desiccation tolerance
Introduction Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae) is an endemic and widely distributed tree species in the highly seasonal Brazilian Cerrado (Neotropical savanna) biome (Giroldo and Scariot 2015; Flora do Brasil 2016). Its oleaginous fruits are important to the regional fauna and provide income for Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-10039-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro [email protected] 1
Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG 39404‑547, Brazil
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG 39401‑089, Brazil
2
traditional human populations that used them to produce an edible oil as well as preser
