Hydrogel sensors with pH sensitivity
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Hydrogel sensors with pH sensitivity Chayapol Rungsima1 · Netipong Boonyan1 · Marhsilin Klorvan1 · Boonsri Kusuktham1 Received: 1 January 2020 / Revised: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The pH-sensitive smart hydrogel sensor was studied. The hydrogel was prepared from polymerization reaction between the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diallyldimethyammonium chloride using potassium persulfate as an initiator, N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker and N, N, N′, N′tetramethylethylenediamine as an accelerator. Bromothymol blue was added to the polymerization system to produce the pH-sensitive hydrogel. The results showed that the hydrogel exhibited properties as a sensor capable of detecting acid–base solutions. The fluid sensing of the hydrogel showed sign of a change in color of the bromothymol blue in the gel. Factor affecting the properties of the hydrogel sensors such as the color change, recovery from bending, and swelling property was the concentration of the diallyldimethyammonium chloride. Keywords Smart hydrogel · Hydrogel sensor · Bromothymol blue · PH-sensitive
Introduction An intelligent or smart material is a material that responds to a stimulus and changes its material properties [1]. The stimulus may come from a physical or chemical conditions such as pH, solvent, chemical, temperature, and pressure. The examples of smart materials are some polymers [2–4] and metal alloy [5]. A hydrogel is a cross-linking polymer which is insoluble in water. The important property of the hydrogel is absorbed large amounts of water due to the hydrophilic groups in the polymer chains [6]. The source of the hydrogel may be from natural or synthetic polymers. Hydrogels obtained from natural polymers are alginate [7, 8] and chitosan [9].
* Boonsri Kusuktham [email protected] 1
Division of Textile Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Textile Industries, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok 10120, Thailand
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The important synthetic hydrogels are polyacrylamide [10], polyvinyl alcohol [11, 12], and polymethacrylic acid [13]. The physical form of the hydrogel appears in different shapes such as film [14, 15], fiber, [16] and small particles [17]. Many research papers reported that the volume of the hydrogels changed with the temperature or the pH of the solutions [18, 19]. In general, the pH-responsive hydrogels consist of acidic (e.g., –COOH, -SO3H) or basic groups (e.g., –NH2). They have been used in different fields such as medical purposes [20, 21], contact lenses [22, 23], absorbent material [24, 25], and wound dressing [26–28]. Some researchers reported that they might be used as sensors for material detection [29–31]. A sensor is a tool that receives a stimulus (input) and responds to it as a signal (output) [32]. Sensors are divided into physical sensors and chemical sensors. The physical sensors are instruments that provide information on the physical p
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