Insight into the intestinal microbiome of farrowing sows following the administration of garlic ( Allium sativum ) extra
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Insight into the intestinal microbiome of farrowing sows following the administration of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic bacteria cultures under farming conditions Marta Satora1, Marcin Magdziarz2, Anna Rząsa3, Krzysztof Rypuła1 and Katarzyna Płoneczka-Janeczko1*
Abstract Background: Due to the tendency to reduce antibiotic use in humans and animals, more attention is paid to feed additives as their replacement. Crucial role of feed additives is to improve the health status, production efficiency and performance. In this original research, we estimate the potential influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic formula including Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus fermentum on the intestinal microbiota of sows, using the next generation sequencing method (NGS). Results: Our results indicate that the overall species richness as well as the composition of swine gut microbiota may be shaped by regular feeding with supplemented additives. On the Family and Genus level both additives (garlic extract and probiotics) seem to decrease microbiome diversity and richness. However, when it comes to garlic supplementation, we found the opposite trend on the Species level. Conclusions: The analysis of the selected microbial function indicates that both additives used in this study (garlic extract and composition of probiotics) seem to create a greater metabolic potential than estimated in a control group of sows. A general trend of losing or decreasing members of pathogenic species in the swine microbiome seems to occur in relation to both supplemented additives. In the prevention of some bacterial diseases supplemented additives could be considered for future use. Keywords: Swine microbiome, Shaping, Garlic, Lactobacillaceae, Nutrition
Background Over the last decade, the majority of scientists have been involved in research concerning the swine microbiome using differences in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence and the next generation sequencing method (NGS). Isaacon and Kim presented a review of swine * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Epizootiology with Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 45, Wrocław, Poland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome, documenting a close relationship between the development of the microbiome and the sampling place within the GI tract as well as the growth of animals [1]. It has been confirmed in several studies that many agents have an influence on swine gut colonization by microorganisms starting from birth. They stem from the sows’ vagina, skin and faeces microbiome, through diet components, environment, infections and stress factors. Gastrointestinal microbiota constitute a dynamic structure which may evolve over
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