Investigations of silk fiber/calcium phosphate cement biocomposite for radial bone defect repair in rabbits
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Investigations of silk fiber/calcium phosphate cement biocomposite for radial bone defect repair in rabbits Lei Zhou1†, Chunjie Hu2†, Yingjun Chen3, Shiqi Xia1 and Jinglong Yan1*
Abstract Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of silk fiber (SF)/calcium phosphate cement (CPC) biocomposite on repairing radial bone defects in rabbits. Methods: Four-month-old New Zealand rabbits were selected to create a bilateral radial bone defect model and divided into four groups according to implanted material: SF/CPC, SF/CPC/particulate bone (PB), PB, and control (C). The specimens were removed at four and eight postoperative weeks for general observation, X-ray examination, tissue slicing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and biomechanical testing. Results: Postoperative X-ray showed no bone defect repair in group C and different degrees of bone defect repair in the other three groups. Imaging, histology, and SEM showed the following: group SF/CPC formed fine trabecular bone in week 4, while the maximum bending load in group SF/CPC in week 4 was significantly different from those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: SF/CPC has good biocompatibility and bone-inducing ability, demonstrating its bone defect-repairing ability. Keywords: Radius, Tissue engineering, Silk fiber, Calcium phosphate cement
Background Trauma, infection, tumors, and other congenital diseases have often caused bone defects in recent years [1]. The purposes of repair and reconstruction are to restore bone structure and function as quickly and completely as possible [2]. Therefore, studies of bone tissue engineering are gradually increasing. Ideal bone defect repair materials should have the following qualities [3–5]: (1) sufficient mechanical properties and good biomechanical adaptation; (2) bone conduction; (3) osteoinductivity; (4) ability to provide osteoblasts; (5) ability to directly form bones; (6) good material–bone interface; and (7) good shapability. Currently, no clinically applied bone repair material can meet all of the above criteria [6]; however, in clinical application, a material often just needs to meet some conditions when used to repair a bone defect, so we can select * Correspondence: [email protected] † Equal contributors 1 Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
suitable materials according to the specific repair circumstances. Several types of composite materials are discussed below; however, achieving ideal bone defect repair is the key in bone tissue engineering. Autologous bone is the best material for repairing bone defect and can lead to ideal bone healing. However, autologous bone is difficult to sample and available in small quantities, and sampling will inevitably increase the patient’s pain and risk of infection during the treatment process [7]. Although allogeneic bone can be easily sampled, its sources are richer than thos
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