LI-RADS Imaging Criteria for HCC Diagnosis and Treatment: Emerging Evidence
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HEPATIC CANCER (N PARIKH, SECTION EDITOR)
LI-RADS Imaging Criteria for HCC Diagnosis and Treatment: Emerging Evidence Anum Aslam 1
&
Richard Kinh Gian Do 2 & Victoria Chernyak 3 & Mishal Mendiratta-Lala 4
Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of this study is to review the recent literature analyzing the performance of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 diagnostic and treatment response algorithm (TRA) for initial diagnosis and assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following locoregional therapy (LRT). Recent Findings LI-RADS is a comprehensive tool for assessment and reporting of observations in patients at risk of developing HCC. Since HCC is predominantly an imaging diagnosis, it is important to achieve a high sensitivity and specificity for each LR category. Therefore, a multitude of studies have been published over the recent years illustrating the diagnostic yield of both the diagnostic and treatment response algorithms. In addition, the role of abbreviated MRI for screening has also been studied recently. Summary LI-RADS diagnostic algorithm has been validated by a number of recent studies that have provided a high diagnostic reliability for categorizing each observation, when using major as well as combination of major and ancillary features. In addition, LI-RADS TRA is being validated by the emerging literature providing promising results for treatment of HCC following ablation and nonradiation-based arterial therapies. However, further insight and in depth research is required to validate the imaging appearance of radiation-based therapies as well as utilization of ancillary features for response assessment after locoregional therapy. Keywords LI-RADS . LI-RADS treatment response algorithm . Hepatocellular carcinoma . CT/MRI . Abbreviated MRI . Locoregional therapy This article is part of the Topical Collection on Hepatic Cancer * Anum Aslam [email protected] Richard Kinh Gian Do [email protected] Victoria Chernyak [email protected] Mishal Mendiratta-Lala [email protected] 1
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA
2
Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10128, USA
3
Department of Radiology and Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10467, USA
4
Abdominal and Cross-Sectional Interventional Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr. UH B2A209R, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of 18% [1]. As the incidence of hepatic cirrhosis and chronic liver disease continues to rise in the USA, there has been a concomitant increase in the frequency of HCC [2, 3, 4•, 5••]. Early detection of HCC is critical for improved overall survival; howev
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