Methods of Combating Seed-Transmitted Virus Diseases
The basic principles in the management of seed-transmitted viruses are generally more or less similar regardless of type of virus involved. There are five approaches, namely, (1) avoidance of the virus from the seeds, (2) prevention/minimising the rate of
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Methods of Combating Seed-Transmitted Virus Diseases
Abstract
The basic principles in the management of seed-transmitted viruses are generally more or less similar regardless of type of virus involved. There are five approaches, namely, (1) avoidance of the virus from the seeds, (2) prevention/minimising the rate of spread through vector management, (3) legislation, (4) production of healthy seeds through certification programmes and (5) modern diagnostic molecular and biochemical approaches. Avoidance of virus inoculum from infected seeds can be done by removal of infected seeds, chemical seed disinfection, seed disinfection by heat and by irradiation. Implementing the cultural practices like field sanitation, roguing, crop rotation, planting dates, barrier and cover cropping will also reduce the virus disease incidence. The management of virus spread under field conditions is also possible by the application of insecticides, pyrethroids and mineral oils, which reduces the vector population. The role of quarantines, ISTA, biosafety measures, resistant cultivars, healthy seed production and certification schemes for healthy seed production was discussed in detail.
8.1
Introduction
Seed-transmitted viruses cause enormous qualitative and quantitative yield losses, which are quite evident from the examples given in Chap. 3. Because of the serious losses to agricultural crops, the virus diseases have acquired great importance in plant pathology and entrusted for effective control measures. They are not amenable to seed treatment like fungi and bacteria, and no commercial viricides have yet been developed. They cause systemic infections after seed germination
and are very effectively transmitted through vectors which are air or soilborne. Therefore, preventing their spread is a serious, complex problem, and hence, epidemiology has a profound influence in combating virus diseases. However, detection and elimination of infected seeds is essential since it will eliminate the primary source of infection and reduce the chances of establishment of the virus in commercial plantings. The basic principles in the management of seed-transmitted viruses are generally more or less similar regardless of type of virus involved. There are five approaches:
K.S. Sastry, Seed-borne Plant Virus Diseases, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-0813-6 8, © Springer India 2013
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Methods of Combating Seed-Transmitted Virus Diseases
(1) avoidance of the virus from the seeds, (2) prevention/minimising the rate of spread through vector management, (3) legislation, (4) production of healthy seeds through certification programmes and (5) modern diagnostic molecular and biotechnological approaches. The control measures that have been applied against different virus–host combinations are discussed in this chapter.
could be reduced by sieving out the smaller seeds (Inouye 1962). Mechanical seed cleaning helps in bringing down the initial virus inoculum under field conditions. In some instances, viruses do not exhibit any changes in the morpholog
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