Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractio
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Modulation of mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects of fractions from Cassia fistula L. on human cervical HeLa and breast MCF-7 cancer cells Sandeep Kaur 1 & Ajay Kumar 1 & Kritika Pandit 1 & Satwinderjeet Kaur 1 Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study investigated the antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of extracts of Cassia fistula prepared by sequentially fractionation of 80% methanolic (CaLM extract) extract of C. fistula leaves, namely CaLH (hexane), CaLC (chloroform), CaLE (ethyl acetate), CaLB (n-butanol), and CaLA (aqueous) fractions. The antimutagenicity of the fractions was tested against mutagens viz. S9-independent, namely 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98) and sodium azide (TA100) and S9-dependent, 2-AF (2-aminofluorene). Among the tested fractions, CaLE fraction showed a potent efficacy with an inhibition percentage of 85.57% (TA98) and 89.93% (TA100) against the mutagenicity induced by 2-aminofluorene. The CaLE fraction could significantly scavenge free radicals in various assays, namely DPPH, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays with an IC50 of 12.80, 144, and 257.3 μg/ml respectively. The antiproliferative potential of the effective CaLE fraction was assessed using MTT assay against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells with GI50 value of 243.4 and 324.6 μg/ml respectively. The fraction exhibited remarkable apoptosis-inducing effects through the externalization of phosphatidylserine in HeLa cells as analyzed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. The HPLC analysis of CaLE revealed the presence of catechin, epiafzelechin, and chlorogenic acid which are responsible for its antimutagenic and antiproliferative efficacy. Keywords Cassia fistula . Antioxidant . Antimutagenic . Antiproliferative . Apoptosis
Introduction The term mutagenesis is used for a change or mutation in the genetic information of an organism. It could result from Highlights • CaLE fraction of C. fistula rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds modulated the mutagenicity of 2-aminofluorene and base-pair substitution of mutagen, sodium azide. • An ethyl acetate fraction (CaLE) was observed to be a potent scavenger of free radicals as tested in in vitro assays. • The marked antiproliferative activity of CaLE may be attributed to its apoptosis-inducing potential in cancer cells. Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim * Satwinderjeet Kaur [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
a variety of environmentally hazardous agents and is the major event in the course of several diseases including cancer, resulting in the permanent changes in the genome of an organism (Powroźnik et al. 2016). The oxidants including OH−, O2, lipid peroxyl, and/or superoxide radicals caused deteriorative effect w
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