Molecular and serological study on congenital toxoplasmosis in newborn of Shiraz, Southern Iran
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Molecular and serological study on congenital toxoplasmosis in newborn of Shiraz, Southern Iran Mostafa Omidian 1 & Amir Hossein Ganjkarimi 2 & Qasem Asgari 1 & Gholamreza Hatam 3 Received: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by an obligatory intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. The congenital form of the disease is a significant health problem around the world. This study aimed to determine the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in the newborn of Shiraz, Southern Iran, between 2013 and 2018. A total of 2498 blood samples of neonates were randomly collected by a standard heel puncture technique and dried on Guthrie cards from Shiraz newborn screening center. We provided questionnaire forms for mothers according to their demographic characteristics, such as age, place of residence, history of having cats as pet, and literacy level. ELISA immunocapture and PCR assays were applied to detect anti-Toxoplasma IgM and the parasite DNA in dried blood spot samples. The anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody was detected in two out of the 2498 infants. Moreover, borderline titers were observed in 3 samples, which were considered suspicious, so these were retested after 18 months to detect IgG against Toxoplasma. Positive IgG titer was observed in two infants who had a positive IgM level. The genome of Toxoplasma was detected in one sample out of 2498. No significant differences were seen between the epidemiological factors with congenital infection. The incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis is estimated at 0.08% of studied samples. It seems that this incidence could present to the health ministry as a logical research achievement for the national screening program of newborns in Iran. Keywords Toxoplasmosis . Toxoplasma gondii . Congenital . ELISA . PCR . Iran
Introduction Toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic disease among human societies which is caused by a protozoan known as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) (Weiss and Dubey 2009). Approximately two billion peoples worldwide are infected with the parasite, and its epidemiological distribution is
Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya * Qasem Asgari [email protected] * Gholamreza Hatam [email protected] 1
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2
Central Neonatal Screening Laboratory, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3
Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
different at various places according to geography, climatic condition, eating habits, history of having cats as pet or presence of feral cats in the man environment, and the level of literacy and hygiene (Robert-Gangneux and Dardé 2012). Contaminated water and food with parasites are the primary sources of human parasitic diseases (Hadi et al. 2016; Karanis et al. 2013
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