Molecular detection and characterization of a 16SrII-D phytoplasma associated with streak yellows of date palm in Oman
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Molecular detection and characterization of a 16SrII-D phytoplasma associated with streak yellows of date palm in Oman Chamran Hemmati 1,2 & Ali M. Al-Subhi 1 & Mohammed T. Al-Housni 1 & Abdullah M. Al-Sadi 1 Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2020
Abstract Date palm is the most important fruit crop in Oman, covering about 50% of the agricultural area in the country. During a survey in 2018–2020, symptoms resembling phytoplasma diseases were observed in date palms in Muscat, Oman. Date palms showed streak yellows and dryness of young and mature leaflets and leaves. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were conducted using the universal primer pairs P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16r2n. In addition, the phytoplasma genes imp, secA, and tuf were also targeted in semi-nested PCR assays by using specific primers for each gene. Symptomatic trees were positive for phytoplasma presence in nested and semi-direct PCR, however, no amplification was observed from the symptomless and negative control. Sequence analysis of the rRNA, imp, secA, and tuf genes confirmed that the phytoplasma associated with streak yellow date palm (SYDP) is a strain of the 16SrII-D subgroup. This is the first record of association of a phytoplasmas of the 16SrII-D subgroup with date palms in Oman. This finding increased our knowledge about the distribution of phytoplasma diseases in date palms in the world. Keywords Phoenix dactylifera . 16SrII-D . Multilocus . Immunodominant . Translocase . Translation elongation
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important fruit crop in the arid regions of the Middle East. Based on FAO, date palm production totaled 8.5 Mt in 2018 (FAO 2019). In Oman, date palm occupies approximately 50% of the agricultural area, with a total production of 369,000 tons in 2018, placing Oman the 8th producer of dates in the world (FAO 2019). Date palm production is affected by several diseases. Phytoplasmas are known to cause major diseases in palms, including the lethal yellowing disease (Gurr et al. 2016). Several reports are available on the association between diverse phytoplasma groups and date palms, including the 16SrI in Egypt (Alkhazindar 2014), 16SrII in Saudi Arabia (Alhudaib et al. 2007), 16SrIV in the USA (Ntushelo et al. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13314-020-00404-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Abdullah M. Al-Sadi [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
2
Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Plant Protection Research Group, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2012), 16SrVI and VII in Iran (Zamharir and Eslahi 2019) and 16Sr XIV in Sudan (Cronjé et al. 2000). The most known symptoms included yellowing and streak yellows in leaves, while in some regions lethal yellowing
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