Molecular identification, growth, and reproduction of Colaconema daviesii (Rhodophyta; Colaconematales) endophyte of the
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Molecular identification, growth, and reproduction of Colaconema daviesii (Rhodophyta; Colaconematales) endophyte of the edible red seaweed Chondracanthus chamissoi Valentina Montoya 1 & Andrés Meynard 1,2,3 & Loretto Contreras-Porcia 1,2,3 & Cristian Bulboa Contador 1,2 Received: 30 December 2019 / Revised and accepted: 1 June 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study we report for the first time the appearance of an endophytic filamentous red alga, living associated with the edible red seaweed Chondracanthus chamissoi. Molecular identification, growth, and reproduction of this endophyte are described under different conditions: photoperiod (8:16, 12:12, and 16:08 L:D), temperature (10 and 15 °C), and photon flux density (40 and 20 μmol photons m−2 s−1). Filaments of this endophyte were isolated and cultured, and the growth was recorded according to the number of branches and its reproduction, by quantifying the emergence of monosporangia. By sequencing the COI gene and through phylogeny reconstruction using maximum likelihood, we determined that this endophyte corresponded to Colaconema daviesii. The highest growth was recorded under the treatment 16:08 (L:D), 10 °C, and 20 μmol photons m−2 s−1, reaching up to 100 branches after 18 days. On the other hand, over 80% of filaments with monosporangia were observed at 12:12 (L:D), 10 °C, and 20 μmol photons m−2 s−1. This is the first record of C. daviesii on the South-eastern Pacific as an endophyte on thalli of C. chamissoi. The results of the in vitro cultures showed that once C. daviesii is isolated, the filaments are able to grow and reproduce independently of C. chamissoi. This suggests that there may not be a strict relationship between both algae and reveals the possibility of finding C. daviesii living without a host or associated with other species. Keywords Chondracanthus chamissoi . Colaconema daviesii . Colaconematales . Endophyte . Gigartinales . Rhodophyta . Seaweeds
Introduction Chondracanthus chamissoi (C. Agardh) Kützing is an alga in the order Gigartinales which is distributed on the coasts of Perú and Chile from 5 to 42° S, as well as in France, Korea, and Japan (Yang et al. 2015; Ramírez et al. 2018). It is exploited for extraction and commercialization of carrageenans and its biomass has also been intended for human Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02176-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Cristian Bulboa Contador [email protected] 1
Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
2
Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
3
Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
consumption during the last 10 years (Bulboa et al. 2013), with prices that fluctuate between 23 and 32 USD$ per kg (dry weight) of raw material (Aduana 2018). Although current
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