Monitoring of Essential and Toxic Elements in Leaves, Branches, and Stem of Prosopis cineraria (as Anti-Inflammatory) Gr
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Monitoring of Essential and Toxic Elements in Leaves, Branches, and Stem of Prosopis cineraria (as Anti-Inflammatory) Growing in Iran Sayyed Kamal Hosseinian Nodushan 1 & Majid Emtiazy 2 & Mohammad Hossein Salmani 3 & Mohammad Hassan Lotfi 4 & Mohammad Ebrahim Zadeh 5 Received: 28 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Prosopis cineraria is locally grown which scientific literature present evidence for its anti-inflammatory effect. Monitoring the content of toxic elements is one of the most important aspects to consider medicinal plants’ safety before evaluating the pharmaceutical use. The aim of present study was to investigate the level of essential and toxic elements in the leaves, branches, and stem of Prosopis cineraria to assess its health risk. Samples were collected around Bandar Abbas, washed several times, and dried in air for 2 weeks. The dried samples were chopped with stainless steel knife to small pieces and powdered by electrical mortar. Some physical and chemical properties of samples were investigated by chemical methods. Samples were ashed by a programmable electric furnace at 650 °C for 6 h. Then samples were dissolved in 30% HNO3, and the content elements of each sample were determined by inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The tests quality control and the measurement uncertainty were checked through the analysis of certified reference materials of SRM 1515 from NIST and solution standards. Correlation analysis of the obtained results showed a significant difference between leaves, branches, and stem of Prosopis cineraria so that the stem had the high essential and low toxic elements ones in comparison to other parts. The results revealed that the Prosopis cineraria stem is meeting health standards regarding the studied toxic metals. Keywords Essential elements . Toxic elements . Stem . Prosopis cineraria
Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicinal plants as natural materials which are used to treatment of diseases at a local scale [1]. Recently, medicinal plants have been widely used as an important resource in drug development for dermal use based on their history of traditional clinical uses [2]. Alternatively, synthetic drugs are dominating
* Mohammad Hossein Salmani [email protected]
the market, but element of toxicity that these drugs entail cannot be ruled out [3, 4]. Recently, there has been observed a shift in universal trend from synthetic to herbal medicine. Since herbal medicines are widely available and inexpensive, they could present an ideal approach for the treatment of disorder, in the developing countries if to be safe. Prosopis cineraria in Iran, known as Kahour, is a small or medium size and usually has a height of 3 to 9 m. It is a native to the Saharo-
1
Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR, Iran
2
The Research Center of Persian Medicine,
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