Multilocus phylogeny- and fruiting feature-assisted delimitation of European Cyclocybe aegerita from a new Asian species
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Multilocus phylogeny- and fruiting feature-assisted delimitation of European Cyclocybe aegerita from a new Asian species complex and related species Roman A. Frings 1 & Jose G. Maciá-Vicente 2 & Sandra Buße 1 & Adéla Čmoková 3 & Harald Kellner 4 & Martin Hofrichter 4 & Florian Hennicke 1,2 Received: 4 April 2020 / Revised: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Cyclocybe aegerita (synonym: Agrocybe aegerita) is a widely cultivated edible and reportedly almost cosmopolitan mushroom species that serves as a model fungus for basidiome formation and as producer of useful natural products and enzymes. Focusing on strains from different continents, here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of this species and some adjacent taxa that employs four phylogenetic markers. In addition, we tested the strains’ capability to fructify on agar media. Our analysis reveals that “C. aegerita sensu lato” splits up into the following two well-supported monophyletic geographic lineages: a European clade and an Asian clade. The European one is closely associated with the Chinese species Cyclocybe salicaceicola. In contrast, the Asian lineage, which we preliminarily designate as Cyclocybe chaxingu agg., may comprise several species (species complex) and clusters with the Pacific species Cyclocybe parasitica (New Zealand). In addition, fruiting properties differ across C. aegerita and its Asian and Pacific relatives; however, strains from the Asian clade and C. parasitica tend to form larger basidiomes with relatively big caps and long stipes and strains from the European clade exhibit a more variable fruiting productivity with the tendency to form more basidiomes, with smaller caps and shorter stipes. Moreover, some strains showed individual fruiting patterns, such as the preference to fruit where they were exposed to injuring stimuli. In conclusion, the delimitation of the newly delimited Asian species complex from our multilocus phylogeny of “C. aegerita sensu lato”, which is supported by phenotypic data, depicts an exemplary case of biogeographic diversity within a previously thought homogeneous species of near worldwide distribution. Keywords Basidiomycota . Mushroom biogeography . Fruiting . Molecular systematics
Being outside the authors’ area of influence, the delay between article acceptance and article publication occurred based on technical issues in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is part of the Topical Collection on “Basidiomycote Mycology in Honour of Franz Oberwinkler Who Passed Away in March 2018.” Responsible Editor: Zhu-Liang Yang Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-020-01599-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Florian Hennicke [email protected] 1
Junior Research Group Genetics and Genomics of Fungi, Department of Geobotany, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Bochum, Germany
2
Institute of Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Goethe-University
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