Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions: Overview of Uptake, Intracellular Fate and Induction of Cell Responses
The range of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) designed as specific carriers for biomedical applications, e.g. cell targeting and drug delivery, is still on the raise and the question on how NPs are interacting with single cells and sub-cellular structures r
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Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions: Overview of Uptake, Intracellular Fate and Induction of Cell Responses Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser, Joël Bourquin and Alke Petri-Fink
Abstract The range of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) designed as specific carriers for biomedical applications, e.g. cell targeting and drug delivery, is still on the raise and the question on how NPs are interacting with single cells and sub-cellular structures remains important. The delivery to the cell surface as well as the interaction of NPs with cellular structures with possible subsequent response is highly influenced by various parameters such as (a) the physico-chemical properties of the NPs, (b) the cell and tissue type and (c) the intracellular fate of the NPs in the various organelles including biopersistence, exocytosis and/or transfer to other cells. The aim of this book chapter is to discuss, on the basis of existing literature, the interaction of NPs with single cells including the intracellular fate and their interference with signaling pathways.
6.1 Introduction Over the past decades the increase in nanoparticle (NP) research has resulted in an increase of nanotechnology related products [1, 2] for numerous applications, including medicine, consumer products (such as food additives, cosmetics and sporting equipment), environmental remediation and information technology [2]. In order to realize these proposed benefits, heightened research has been performed to determine if the potential benefits of nanotechnology could be utilized without any adverse effects in human health or the environment.
B. Rothen-Rutishauser (B) · J. Bourquin · A. Petri-Fink BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] A. Petri-Fink Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Museé 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 P. Gehr and R. Zellner (eds.), Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles, NanoScience and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12461-8_6
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The definition for a nanoparticle (NP); a nano-object (a material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (1–100 nm)) with all three external dimensions in the nanoscale (ISO/TS: 27687:2008 [3]); will be used. The number of new NPs with e.g. different materials, sizes, shapes, surface coatings (for reviews see [4–6]) is increasing and there is a need to apply reliable, cost and time effective, rapid and mechanistic based testing strategies enabling to understand interactions of engineered NPs at a cellular level; this all is imperative for their safeby-design strategies and should also increase subsequent regulatory approvals [7]. It has been widely accepted that in vitro results can be useful for ranking NPs either by mechanistic studies enabling a deeper insight into mechanisms of NP-induced (potentially even nano-specific) effects or serving as a foundation for follow-up in vivo studies [8]. The interaction of NP
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