Nutrition and antioxidant profiling in the unpolished and polished grains of eleven indigenous aromatic rice cultivars
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Nutrition and antioxidant profiling in the unpolished and polished grains of eleven indigenous aromatic rice cultivars Puja Ghosh1 · Aryadeep Roychoudhury1 Received: 17 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The present study emphasized on the yet-unexplored exhaustive analyses of nutritional and antioxidant parameters in the unpolished and polished grains of eleven indigenous aromatic rice varieties. Tulaipanji appeared to be a highly demanding variety by virtue of having sufficient levels of micronutrients like Fe, Zn and Cu (linked with higher expression of fer2, ZIP and NAS3), inorganic phosphorus, hexose sugars, total amino acids and lysine (correlated with higher expression of glutelin and RLRH1), tocopherol (due to higher HGGTexpression), total phenolic content, flavonoids, anthocyanins (concomitant with higher expression of PPO, PAL and ANS), LOX activity and LOX1 gene expression, and overall higher total antioxidant capacity, particularly in the polished grains. The importance of IET-21261, with regard to higher content of phytic acid and total phosphorus (with high IPK1 expression), β-carotene (with high PSY expression) and tocopherol (with high HGGTexpression), and of Kalonunia, with respect to cysteine and γ-oryzanol in the polished grains, was also significant. Lower α-amylase enzyme activity and α-amylase expression led to considerable starch accumulation, with lower sucrose content, in the unpolished grains of Radhunipagal and polished grains of Pusa Basmati-1. Paramanya registered the highest content of thiamine and TH1 expression, together with minimum methylglyoxal level (low TPI expression). Paramanya and Radhunipagal maintained a higher pool of majority of the nutritional and antioxidant components in their unpolished grains. The polished grains of all the genotypes showed strikingly lower nutritional constituents, as compared to unpolished grains. The knowledge gained from this study will largely provide a road map to the farmers and rice consumers for making proper choice of the aromatic genotypes for large-scale cultivation and dietary consumption to derive maximum nutritional benefits. Keywords Antioxidants · Aromatic rice · Gene expression · Micronutrients · Nutrition · Unpolished and polished grains
Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most staple and important food crops worldwide, representing major source of nutrition and contributing maximum dietary energy for the Asian population (Omar et al. 2016). Rice harbors 80% carbohydrates, 7–8% proteins, sufficient quantities of phosphorous and iron, with lower fat (3%) and cholesterol, low sodium content and 3% fiber. The bran of rice accounts for 10% of total rice grain that comprises many nutrients and antioxidants, viz., tocopherols and tocotrienols (Vitamin E),
* Aryadeep Roychoudhury [email protected] 1
Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal 70001
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