Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) associated with Tomicus species in southwestern China with an emphasis on Ophiostoma canum
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Ophiostomatales (Ascomycota) associated with Tomicus species in southwestern China with an emphasis on Ophiostoma canum Yue Pan1,2 · Jun Lu2 · Peng Chen3 · Zefen Yu4 · Huihong Zhang2 · Hui Ye2 · Tao Zhao5
Received: 2 November 2018 / Accepted: 2 June 2019 © Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract Ophiostomatalean fungi may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction. In the present study of the fungal community associated with bark beetle species belonging to Tomicus in Yunnan, China, six ophiostomatalean fungi (Ophiostoma canum, O. ips, O. tingens, Leptographium yunnanense, Leptographium sp. 1 and Leptographium sp. 2) were isolated from the beetles or their galleries; O. canum was the most common fungal species. The distribution of O. canum was associated with stands heavily damaged by Tomicus species and a higher percentage of valid galleries of Tomicus yunnanensis and T. minor in Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis). After inoculation of Yunnan pine with the fungus, a phloem reaction zone formed and monoterpenes accumulated in the phloem. These results Project funding: The work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31360183), the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province (No. 2013FA055), National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0505206) and Swedish Research Council FORMAS and Örebro University. The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Tao Xu. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01029-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
suggested that O. canum was pathogenic to Yunnan pine and that the wide distribution of the fungus might be beneficial to reproduction of pine shoot beetles in Yunnan pine. However, because the reaction zone and monoterpene accumulation were mild, fungal damage of Yunnan pine might be limited. A more integrated study considering all the fungal species should be done to better understand the interactions among bark beetles, blue-stain fungi, and the tree hosts in the region. Keywords Ophiostomatalean fungi · Fungal isolation and identification · Ophiostoma canum · Pinus yunnanensis · Pathogenicity test
Introduction A bark beetle–fungus symbiosis evolved (Sapp 1994; Six 2012) that benefits both organisms, enabling them excel in marginal habitats, occupy new niches, avoid competition and adapt to survive in resistant trees (Bruno et al. 2003; Mueller et al. 2005; Six and Wingfield 2011). These fungal associates, some of which are plant pathogens, may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction by lowering tree resistance and efficiently capturing resources (Six 2012). In addition, a recent study has suggested that fungal symbionts
* Hui Ye [email protected]
3
Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, People’s Republic of China
* Tao Zhao [email protected]
4
Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‑resources, Key Laboratory Resources of
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