Oral Cancer Metastasis
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (SCCOC) is one of the most prevalent tumors of the head and neck region. Despite improvements in treatment, the survival of patients with SCCOC has not significantly improved over the past several decades. Most f
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Jeffrey Myers Editor
Oral Cancer Metastasis
Editor Jeffrey Myers Department of Head and Neck Surgery – Unit 441 University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX 77030 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-0774-5 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-0775-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0775-2 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009930631 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to Dr. Helmuth Goepfert and Dr. Josh Fidler, who taught me the clinical significance and the ways to approach the study of oral cancer metastasis. I am grateful to both of them for providing me with the appropriate “soil” for my germination and growth as a head and neck “surgeon-scientist.”
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Ms. Mariann Crapanzano for her expertise and dedication in editing this book, and Mrs. Rachel Warren and her team at Springer for their professionalism and support in producing this book.
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Preface
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (SCCOC) is one of the most prevalent tumors of the head and neck region. Despite improvements in treatment, the survival of patients with SCCOC has not improved significantly over the past several decades. Most frequently, treatment failure takes the form of local and regional recurrences, but as disease control in these areas improves, SCCOC treatment failures more commonly occur as distant metastasis. The presence of cervical lymph node metastasis is the most reliable adverse prognostic factor in patients with SCCOC, and extracapsular spread (ECS) of cervical lymph nodes metastasis is a particularly reliable predictor of regional and distant recurrence and death from disease. Decisions regarding elective and therapeutic management of cervical lymph node metastases are made mainly on clinical grounds as we cannot always predict cervical lymph node metastasis from the size and extent of invasion of the primary tumors. Therefore, the treatment of the neck disease in the management of SCCOC remains controversial. The promise of using biomarker-based treatment decisions has yet to be fully realized because of our poor understanding of the mechanisms of regional and distant metastases of SCCOT. This
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