Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae
Arthrophyllum ceylanicum Miq., A. reticulatum Blume ex Miq., Bignonia indica L., B. lugubris Salisb., B. pentandra Lour., B. quadripinnata Blanco, B. tripinnata Noronha, B. tuberculata Roxb. ex DC., Calosanthes indica (L.) Blume, Hippoxylon indica (L.) Ra
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Synonyms Arthrophyllum ceylanicum Miq., A. reticulatum Blume ex Miq., Bignonia indica L., B. lugubris Salisb., B. pentandra Lour., B. quadripinnata Blanco, B. tripinnata Noronha, B. tuberculata Roxb. ex DC., Calosanthes indica (L.) Blume, Hippoxylon indica (L.) Raf., Oroxylum flavum Rehder, Spathodea indica (L.) Pers. (POWO 2020)
Local Names Cambodia: Pika (Khmer), ung ka, pou long (Bunong), Indonesia: bentolan (Kalimantan), pongporang (Sundanese), kayu lanang, mungli, Pokok bonglai (Javanese), Laos: lin mai ba (Brou, Kry, Saek), pi ka, lin may, Malaysia: beka, bonglai, kulai, Sabah-parang pamol (Malay), pokok bekah (Kensiu), binkuli, parang nyabor (Ibans of Sarawak), gimurai, murai (Bidayuh of Sarawak), ulunan sangku (Kadazandusun: Rungus, Ranau, Tambunan, Muruts: Timugon of Sabah), Myanmar: kyaung shar, sot-gren-itg (Mon), maleinka (Mak, Shan), yawng li (Müün, Ng’gah, Da’ai), Philippines: pingka-pingkahan (Tagalog), abong-abong (Bisaya), kamkampilan (Iloko), Thailand: du kae sae (Pwo), pekaa (Karen), phe kaa (central), litmai (northern), lin faa (north-eastern), Vietnam: núc nác, hoàng bá nam, mộc hồ diệp (Berhaman 1995; Kulip 2003, 2005, Sam et al. 2008; de Boer et al. 2012; Mohammad et al. 2012; Mohammad 2014; Chassagne et al. 2016, 2017; Falahd and Hadiwibowo 2017; Rasadah 2017; Ismail et al. 2018; Ong et al. 2018; DeFilipps and Krupnick 2018; Elliott et al. 2019; Pongamornkul et al. 2020). K. Devanathan (*) Department of Botany, Centre for Floristic Research, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), East Tambaram, Chennai, TN, India © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 F. M. Franco (ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Southeast Asia, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14116-5_160-1
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Botany and Ecology Description: Trees, up to 10 m high (Fig. 1); barks thick, corky, lenticelate, and yellowish-gray. Leaves deccusate, 2–3-pinnate, oddpinnate, and 1–1.8 m long; leaflets elliptic-ovate, 5–15 3–9 cm, obliquely cuneate at base, entire at margins, and caudate-acuminate at apex; lepidotted, glabrous; petiole c. 30 cm long, swollen at base. Inflorescence a raceme, terminal, and 30–100 cm long; peduncle c. 35 cm long; pedicel 5–7 cm long, articulate at base. Flowers bisexual, c. 10 cm long, and nocturnal (Fig. 2). Calyx campanulate, 3–4.5 c. 2 cm, limb truncate–obscurely toothed, and leathery. Corolla funnel form, maroon to reddish purple outside, and yellowish or pinkish with glandular inside; tube cylindric, c. 7 cm long; lobes 5, subequal, obovate, 4–5 3–4 cm, and wavy at margins. Stamens 5, posterior one short, and inserted on the base of the tube; filaments c. 3, 4, and 5 cm long respectively, villous at base; anthers linear-oblong, c. 1 cm long. Ovary superior, 2-celled, and many-ovuled; style c. 5 cm long; stigma c. 5 mm across. Capsule linear-oblong, 45–85 7–10 cm, cuneate at base and apex, and flat. Seeds numerous, elliptic, c. 2 cm across, flat, and winged on both side; wings c. 2.5 cm long, membranous. Phenology: Flowering peaks from April to A
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