Phenotyping viral infection in sweetpotato using a high-throughput chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging platform
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Plant Methods Open Access
RESEARCH
Phenotyping viral infection in sweetpotato using a high‑throughput chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging platform Linping Wang , Sylvain Poque and Jari P. T. Valkonen*
Abstract Background: Virus diseases caused by co-infection with Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) are a severe problem in the production of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Traditional molecular virus detection methods include nucleic acid-based and serological tests. In this study, we aimed to validate the use of a non-destructive imaging-based plant phenotype platform to study plant-virus synergism in sweetpotato by comparing four virus treatments with two healthy controls. Results: By monitoring physiological and morphological effects of viral infection in sweetpotato over 29 days, we quantified photosynthetic performance from chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) imaging and leaf thermography from thermal infrared (TIR) imaging among sweetpotatoes. Moreover, the differences among different treatments observed from ChlF and TIR imaging were related to virus accumulation and distribution in sweetpotato. These findings were further validated at the molecular level by related gene expression in both photosynthesis and carbon fixation pathways. Conclusion: Our study validated for the first time the use of ChlF- and TIR-based imaging systems to distinguish the severity of virus diseases related to SPFMV and SPCSV in sweetpotato. In addition, we demonstrated that the operating efficiency of PSII and photochemical quenching were the most sensitive parameters for the quantification of virus effects compared with maximum quantum efficiency, non-photochemical quenching, and leaf temperature. Keywords: High-throughput phenotyping, Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, Thermal infrared imaging, Sweetpotato, Virus co-infection, SPCSV, SPFMV, Gene expression Background Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world [1]. Plant viruses are the most harmful pathogen of this crop, of which aphid-transmitted Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV, genus Potyvirus) is the most widespread virus that infects sweetpotatoes. In addition, the whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV, genus Crinivirus) is problematic because of its synergistic interaction with many other viruses [2–5]. Among these synergisms, sweetpotato *Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
virus disease caused by the co-infection of SPCSV and SPFMV is the most devastating in sweetpotato [6, 7]. Previous studies on this synergism demonstrate that the protein RNase III encoded by SPCSV is able to break down the plant’s antiviral resistance, which is based on RNA silencing [8]. Sweetpotato plants co-infected with SPCSV and SPFMV commonly display leaf deformation, mosaic symptoms, yellowing, vein clearing, dwarfing, and stun
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