Physical, chemical and mechanical wood properties of Pinus nigra growing in Portugal
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RESEARCH PAPER
Physical, chemical and mechanical wood properties of Pinus nigra growing in Portugal Alexandra Dias 1 & Ana Carvalho 1,2,3 & Maria Emília Silva 1,4 & José Lima-Brito 1,2,3 & Maria João Gaspar 2,3,5 & Ana Alves 5 & José Carlos Rodrigues 5 & Fábio Pereira 1 & José Morais 1 & José Luís Lousada 1,4 Received: 3 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 # INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract & Key message The wood of Pinus nigra populations planted in Portugal, comparatively to Pinus pinaster, has higher total extractive content, lower Klason lignin and H/G ratio, and similar mechanical properties, presenting advantages for industrial purposes. & Context P. nigra was used in the reforestation of mountainous areas in Portugal, but its wood chemical and mechanical properties were never studied. & Aims This work intends to evaluate the chemical and mechanical wood properties of the P. nigra populations planted in Portugal, to relate these properties with previously characterised physical features and to compare these data with other European P. nigra stands and species, namely, P. pinaster. & Methods Wood chemical and mechanical properties were analysed in 90 trees from six Portuguese sites, using near-infrared (NIR) spectrometry and the three-point bending test. & Results The wood of the P. nigra populations planted in Portugal presented average values of total extractive content = 9.4%, Klason lignin = 26.69%, MORRad = 14.93 MPa and MOERad = 1200.98 MPa. Ring density showed no significant correlation with ring width. & Conclusion The P. nigra populations planted in Portugal presented qualitative and quantitative properties similar to P. pinaster wood, the main resinous species in Portugal. Facing the lack of raw material for wood industry due to frequent forest fires in the Mediterranean region, P. nigra could be used to reforest mountainous areas of those regions. Keywords European black pine . NIR spectrometry . MOE radial and MOR radial . Wood density . X-ray microdensitometry Handling Editor: Jean-Michel Leban Contribution of the co-authors Conceptualisation: JCR, JM, and JLL; methodology: JCR, JM, and JLL; formal analysis: JCR, JM, and JLL; investigation: JLL, AA, and FP; resources: MJG, MES, JLL, and JLB; writing: JLL; writing–review and editing: JLL, JLB, AC, and JCR; supervision: JLL; project administration: JLL and AC; MJG funding acquisition: JLL * José Luís Lousada [email protected] Alexandra Dias [email protected] Ana Carvalho [email protected] Maria Emília Silva [email protected] José Lima-Brito [email protected] Maria João Gaspar [email protected]
Ana Alves [email protected] José Carlos Rodrigues [email protected] Fábio Pereira [email protected] José Morais [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction Pinus nigra Arnold is used in the reforestation of mountainous areas due to its ability to grow in high altitudes (Naydenov et al. 2006). It is considered a relict species with a b
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