Practical Training Strategies to Apply Neuro-Mechanistic Motor Learning Principles to Facilitate Adaptations Towards Inj
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Practical Training Strategies to Apply Neuro‑Mechanistic Motor Learning Principles to Facilitate Adaptations Towards Injury‑Resistant Movement in Youth Jed A. Diekfuss1 · Scott Bonnette1 · Jennifer A. Hogg2 · Christopher Riehm1 · Dustin R. Grooms3,4,5 · Harjiv Singh6 · Manish Anand1 · Alexis B. Slutsky‑Ganesh7 · Gary B. Wilkerson2 · Gregory D. Myer1,8,9 Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Beijing Sport University 2020
Abstract Youth may be particularly responsive to motor learning training strategies that support injury-resistant movement mechanics in youth for prevention programs that reduce injury risk, injury rehabilitation, exercise performance, and play more generally (Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning Prevention Rehabilitation Exercise Play; OPTIMAL PREP) One purpose of the present manuscript was to provide clinical applications and tangible examples of how to implement the proposed techniques derived from OPTIMAL theory into PREP strategies for youth. A secondary purpose was to review recent advances in technology that support the clinical application of OPTIMAL PREP strategies without extensive resources/programming knowledge to promote evidence-driven tools that will support practitioner feedback delivery. The majority of examples provided are within the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rehabilitation, but we emphasize the potential for OPTIMAL PREP strategies to be applied to a range of populations and training scenarios that will promote injury resistance and keep youth active and healthy. Keywords Rehabilitation · Prevention · Exercise performance · Technology
Introduction Participating in sports at an early age is attributed to numerous physical and psychosocial benefits that support longterm neuromotor development [30, 36, 54, 57, 59, 88], with youth being a particularly ideal time period to implement exercise-based interventions [9, 55–58, 60–62, 65, 72, 78]. The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (Optimizing * Jed A. Diekfuss [email protected] 1
The SPORT Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 10001, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
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Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning) [123] proposes three "pillars"—two motivational (enhanced expectancies, autonomy support) and one attentional (external focus of attention)—that may support youth injury prevention strategies (reduction of injury risk), injury rehabilitation, exercise performance, and play more generally (Prevention, Rehabilitation, Exercise, Play; PREP) [24, 25]. Implementation of O
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