Pure cellulose nanofibrils membranes loaded with ciprofloxacin for drug release and antibacterial activity
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Pure cellulose nanofibrils membranes loaded with ciprofloxacin for drug release and antibacterial activity H. Durand . P. Jaouen . E. Faure . C. Sillard . N. Belgacem . E. Zeno . J. Bras
Received: 28 December 2018 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The biocompatibility and very high specific area of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are properties of high interest for the development of active substrates for new medical device development. Enzyme pretreated CNF (CNF-e) can be self-organized into nanostructured membranes that are suitable for active principle ingredients (API) encapsulation through adsorption phenomena. In addition, tunable surface chemistry of CNF-e, allow for covalent immobilization of API. In this work, ciprofloxacin is integrated to CNFe membranes according to two different strategies. The first one relies only on adsorption mechanisms; ciprofloxacin is encapsulated in the bulk before the membrane formation by solvent casting. The influence of the membrane properties and preparation parameters such as grammage, thickness and drying technique, are assessed with water uptake measurements and API
H. Durand P. Jaouen E. Faure C. Sillard N. Belgacem J. Bras (&) LGP2, CNRS, Grenoble INP, University of Grenoble Alpe, 38000 Grenoble, France e-mail: [email protected] H. Durand E. Zeno Centre Technique du Papier (CTP), Domaine Universitaire, 38044 Grenoble Cedex 9, France N. Belgacem J. Bras Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75000 Paris, France J. Bras Nestle Research Center, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
release experiments. The second strategy deals with the covalent immobilization of ciprofloxacin directly onto CNF-e membrane. The two kinds of membranes are then compared in terms of antibacterial activity, in both static and dynamic conditions. Thick CNF-e membranes loaded with adsorbed ciprofloxacin that were overdried (2 h, 150 °C) prove to be more resistant in liquid medium and present a more prolonged drug release. However, these membranes rapidly lost their antibacterial activity, while CNF-e membranes with covalently immobilized ciprofloxacin remain contact active for several days. These 100% CNF active nanostructured membranes can be used as new wound dressing for topical application. Keywords Cellulose nanofibrils Antibacterial activity Drug release
Introduction The interest for cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) has exponentially increased over the last ten years with the development of new production routes [pretreatments, improved mechanical fibrillation (Nechyporchuk et al. 2016; Rol et al. 2018)] and announcements of its industrialization. The number of scientific paper has been multiplied by 5 between 2007 and 2017 and several books (Dufresne 2017; Lee 2018) or
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reviews (Abitbol et al. 2016; Kargarzadeh et al. 2018; Klemm et al. 2011) are now available on this topic. Such nanofibrillated cellulose can be used in several applications like paper (Aulin et al. 2
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