Quantitation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Waters
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YTICAL WATER CHEMISTRY
Quantitation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Waters N. Yu. Tereshchenkoa, b, O. I. Khyzhana, *, V. I. Maksina, and L. O. Kovshuna a
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine b Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 6, 2020; revised April 10, 2020; accepted June 2, 2020
Abstract—We develop an assay for the total content of xenobiotics from the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) groups in samples of surface water containing suspended matter. It is found that the suspended matter isolated from water by filtration during sample preparation according to standard method ISO 5667:2006 may contain PAH and OCP xenobiotics. The xenobiotics containing in the filtrate and suspended matter isolated from water samples are extracted with n-hexane. After the extracts are concentrated by a factor of 250–1000, their qualitative and quantitative composition is determined by high-performance liquid phase chromatography with fluorescence detection and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. For water samples, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for OCP and PAH xenobiotics is found to be 0.1 and 0.005 μg/L, respectively, and in case of the suspended matter samples the LOQs are 0.1 and 0.005 ng/g. The determination error is expressed as the relative standard (mean-square) deviation Sr (%), and the completeness of xenobiotic extraction is expressed in per cents (r, %). The method is tested on samples of surface waters containing suspended matter in the range of 90 ± 10 to 2800 ± 50 mg/L. The developed method enables us to detect trace amounts of xenobiotics in water and in suspended matter in it. The method can be useful in studies of surface waters and in forecasting the level of contamination of aquatic environments with PAHs and OCPs released as a result of degradation of suspended matter that binds the xenobiotics. Keywords: xenobiotics, suspended matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, laboratory control, chromatography DOI: 10.3103/S1063455X20040153
INTRODUCTION Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exhibit high toxicity and carcinogenicity and are resistant to degradation in environment [1–3]. The presence of xenobiotics and monitoring of their levels in surface waters is established by standard methods of laboratory control; at the same time, methods that were developed and verified by researchers can also be used [1, 4, 5]. Assays for lipophilic xenobiotics in water are often based on extraction of analytes using liquid-liquid or selective solid phase extraction. Organic ecotoxicants present in natural waters can be concentrated using different sorbents [1, 6]. In standard analytical procedures, water samples undergo preliminary purification by removing mechanical impurities and suspended solids by filtration [7]. Subsequent stages of an analytical procedure lead to d
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