Regional Climate Variability and its Impacts in The Mediterranean Area
Global change due to natural processes and anthropogenic activity as well as the natural variability of the climate system will impact all areas of the globe. However, the impact will not be uniform and different impacts of differing magnitude and nature
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NATO Science Series A Series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science Programme. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer (formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers) in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Sub-Series I. Life and Behavioural Sciences II. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry III. Computer and Systems Science IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences
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Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences – Vol. 79
REGIONAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND ITS IMPACTS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA edited by
A. Mellouki ICARE, CNRS, Orléans, France
and
A.R. Ravishankara NOAA, R/CSD, Boulder, CO, U.S.A.
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Regional Climate Variability and its Impacts in the Mediterranean Area Marrakech, Morocco 1 September 2006
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-6428- 9 (PB) ISBN 978-1-4020-6427-2 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-6429-6 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
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CONTENTS
ix
Preface Acknowledgments
xiii
List of Contributors
xv
Group Picture
xix
1. Climate and its Variability: G
