Salinity Tolerance of Wild Penaeus monodon and Penaeus indicus Juveniles: Perspectives of Their Sustained Availability i
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Proc Zool Soc https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-020-00326-6
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Salinity Tolerance of Wild Penaeus monodon and Penaeus indicus Juveniles: Perspectives of Their Sustained Availability in Sundarban Samya Karan1 • Soumik Ghosh1 • Sourav Paul1
Received: 26 August 2019 / Revised: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 March 2020 Ó Zoological Society, Kolkata, India 2020
Abstract Sundarban estuaries are natural nurseries of Penaeus monodon and P. indicus shrimps that fetch high economic values. We studied salinity (0 to 40) tolerance (96 h exposure without acclimation) of their juveniles (PL5, wild varieties) under ambient temperature. P. monodon and P. indicus juveniles showed limited ability of tolerating freshwater and high salinity. Overall juveniles survived better in salinity 5 to 20, however, P. monodon juveniles showed a better salinity tolerance than P. indicus juveniles. Increasing salinity of Sundarban estuaries may negatively affect sustained availability of P. monodon and P. indicus seeds in the wild. Keywords Shrimps Estuary Survival experiment India
Introduction Estuaries are natural-nurseries of many commercially exploited shrimp species (Minello et al. 1989). Many Fishers in South-East Asia collect shrimp seeds (different stages of post-larvae) that are naturally born and raised in mangrove estuaries; Fishers then sell shrimp seeds to local shrimp-culture farms for livelihood (Primavera et al. 1998). Productivity of shrimp industries is still largely dependent on the natural conditions of estuaries and especially on Samya Karan and Soumik Ghosh have equally contributed to the manuscript. & Sourav Paul [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Coastal and Quantitative Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
favourable salinity gradients (Minello et al. 1989) beacause that affect survival and growth of shrimp seeds (Primavera et al. 1998). Salinity tolerance study is generally species/ life-history/sex-specific but that helps to better predict the survival and growth of shrimps which is essential for shrimp industry (Cawthorne et al. 1983). Sundarban estuaries are natural-nurseries of many shrimp species including Penaeus monodon and P. indicus (Motoh 1981; Hoq et al. 2001). In the Sundarban P. monodon abundance peaks from October to February when salinity and water temperature of estuaries remain moderate but in situ density of P. monodon post-larvae is declining (Hoq et al. 2001). P. monodon has a wide range salinity tolerance (i.e. salinity 1 to 57); however, it prefers a salinity of 10 to 35 that too depends on life-history stage (Cawthorne et al. 1983). Juveniles of P. monodon suffer from high mortality rate when salinity is below 5 (Ye et al. 2009). Like P. monodon after acclimation post-larvae (PL7-22) of P. indicus may tolerate a wide salinity range but their survival maximizes at 25 ppt., however, juveniles are highly susceptive to abrupt sali
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