Serum Levels of Collectins Are Sustained During Pregnancy: Surfactant Protein D Levels Are Dysregulated Prior to Missed
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Serum Levels of Collectins Are Sustained During Pregnancy: Surfactant Protein D Levels Are Dysregulated Prior to Missed Abortion Kavita Kale 1 & Pallavi Vishwekar 2 & Geetha Balsarkar 3 & M. J. Jassawalla 3 & Saad Alkahtani 4 & Uday Kishore 5 & Ganpat Sawant 2 & Taruna Madan 1 Received: 26 December 2019 / Accepted: 6 May 2020 # Society for Reproductive Investigation 2020
Abstract About 15% of pregnant women undergo missed abortion (MA), wherein women do not experience cramping and vaginal bleeding. Dysregulation of the immune molecules and steroid hormones contribute to early pregnancy loss. Collectins- surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D), and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are a group of innate immune molecules regulated by the steroid hormones. Reduced levels of SP-A and SP-D during the early gestation exhibited a significant association with the severe early onset preeclampsia. In order to determine the serum profile of collectins throughout the normal pregnancy and explore their predictive potential during the 8–12 weeks of gestation for MA, we examined a prospective cohort of pregnant women (n = 221). The serum levels of SP-A and SP-D were significantly downregulated in the normal pregnant women in all the three trimesters (n = 30) compared with the non-pregnant women (n = 20) and were not significantly different across the three trimesters. Fourteen of the women from the cohort underwent MA during the 14–20 weeks of gestation and exhibited a significant downregulation in the serum levels of SP-D during 8–12 weeks of gestation. A significant inhibition of the HTR8/SVneo cell proliferation and migration in the presence of a recombinant fragment of human SP-D suggested the relevance of SP-D in placental development. We report here that the serum levels of SP-A, SP-D, and MBL are consistently maintained during pregnancy in the Indian cohort. Dysregulated serum levels of SP-D and P4/E2 ratio during the early first trimester may predict occurrence of MA. Keywords Collectins . Steroid hormones . Pregnancy . Missed abortion . Surfactant protein D Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00209-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Taruna Madan [email protected] 1
Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
2
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
4
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5
Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
Introduction Regulation of the maternal immune response to semiallogenic fetus is the key to a successful pregnancy. Both the local and sy
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