Sintered Tape-cast 3YSZ Supports Human Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.335
Sintered Tape-cast 3YSZ Supports Human Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation Alexander K. Nguyen1,2, Peter L. Goering2, John A. Olenick3, Kathy Olenick3, and Roger J. Narayan1 1
North Carolina State University, UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695
2 US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993
3
ENrG Inc., Buffalo, NY 14207
ABSTRACT Sintered tape-cast yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was evaluated for its elemental composition, crystal structure, and imaged with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSC) were cultured on the ceramic and differentiated into the osteoblast lineage; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was tracked as a differentiation marker. The YSZ was composed of purely tetragonal grains with a median equivalent circular diameter of 283 nm. Zirconium, yttrium, oxygen, and adventitious carbon was detected on the substrate with no other elements in significant quantities detected. YSZ samples had an RMS roughness value of 27 nm, elastic modulus of 206 ± 14 GPa, and hardness of 14 ± 2 GPa. hBMSC were observed to attach and proliferate on the YSZ surfaces and had significantly increased ALP versus the undifferentiated control cultured on glass. This method for producing a YSZ ceramic yields a typical material of this type and supports attachment and differentiation of hBMSC; thus, making it useful as a bone implant material.
INTRODUCTION: Zirconia exhibits low cytotoxicity, chronic toxicity in vivo, and carcinogenicity[1], properties that make it an attractive medical device material. Chemical and radioactive impurities in zirconium sands, such as uranium and thorium, can be of toxicological concern but even unpurified zirconia was not found to be mutagenic or carcinogenic.[2] It has also found use in the dental field as an orthodontic retainer material since it has superior esthetics versus stainless steel wire and has bonding protocols with better clinical outcomes versus stainless steel bonding.[3] In addition, zirconia is chemically stable; accelerated aging in 4% acetic acid at 80ºC for 168 hours had no effect on flexural strength or sample mass.[4] The zirconia surface also exhibits superior tribological properties versus other materials for use as
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joint replacements. Zirconia femoral heads reduced the volumetric wear of polyethylene liners by a third versus cobalt chrome heads.[5] A 2-µm thick layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia on titanium reduced volumetric wear of ultra-high mole
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