Spatial Population Genetic Structuring of the Common Shrew Sorex araneus (Lipotyphla, Mammalia): Variability of Microsat
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AL GENETICS
Spatial Population Genetic Structuring of the Common Shrew Sorex araneus (Lipotyphla, Mammalia): Variability of Microsatellite Markers N. A. Shchipanova, A. V. Artamonova, S. V. Titovb, and S. V. Pavlovaa, * a
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia b Penza State University, Penza, 440026 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received August 16, 2019; revised October 1, 2019; accepted October 3, 2019
Abstract—Variability of five microsatellite loci was studied in the common shrew S. araneus belonging to the Moscow chromosomal race. Three local samples (n = 39) from the sites situated at a minimum distance from each other (350–700 m) were examined. The studied samples were characterized by high allelic diversity along with considerable genetic differentiation of the population. Pairwise comparisons revealed statistically significant difference between the samples, with the highest genetic differences observed at a minimum geographic distance. To explain the causes of the population genetic heterogeneity, analysis of the population demographic patterns at the sampling sites and neighboring areas was carried out. The data obtained were consistent with the models of Altukhov’s population system. Keywords: population structure, genetic variability, microsatellites, demographic structure, population dynamics, small mammals DOI: 10.1134/S102279542008013X
INTRODUCTION The common shrew is a species with exceptional chromosomal polymorphism, which forms at least 76 chromosomal races in its range [1]. In the contact zones of the ranges of races, owing to the balance between the dispersal of individuals and the selection against heterozygotes (interracial hybrids), tension hybrid zones are formed [2]. The gene flow between the forms in tension hybrid zones is limited and leads to their divergence resulting from selection or genetic drift [3–5]. The width of the tension zones is inversely proportional to the level of selection against hybrids [6]. In the common shrew, the hybrid complexity is determined by karyotypic differences of parental races, and the width of the hybrid zones is inversely proportional to the number of differences [7]. This would enable us to suggest the divergence of chromosomal races. However, genetic variability analyses with the use of DNA markers did not reveal the reduction of gene flow between the races. For instance, the mitotype distribution does not correspond to karyotypic structuring and forms a starlike structure [8–11]. High haplotype diversity with rare and unique haplotypes, which constituted about 70% and distinguished the samples, was reported [9, 12–14]. Analysis of nuclear DNA did not reveal statistically significant reduction of interracial gene flow [15, 16]. The Fst val-
ues point to the population structuring, while the genetic distances between populations of the same and different races are similar [15, 17, 18] and do not correlate with geographic distances [9, 19–21]. The gene flow assessment with respect to the r
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