Species composition of introduced and natural minnow populations of the Phoxinus cryptic complex in the westernmost part
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INVASION NOTE
Species composition of introduced and natural minnow populations of the Phoxinus cryptic complex in the westernmost part of the Po River Basin (north Italy) Vanessa De Santis . Giovanni B. Delmastro . Isabella Vanetti . J. Robert Britton . Serena Zaccara
Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
V. De Santis (&) I. Vanetti S. Zaccara Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, VA, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
via stocking in Alpine lakes vs. natural populations in streams). We tested the genetic composition of the cryptic Phoxinus populations inhabiting these waters, as the species are morphologically indistinct. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) were obtained from 239 specimens, with the results indicating that 17 Alpine high-altitude lakes are now populated by a complex of Phoxinus species, comprising P. septimaniae (native to the Mediterranean area of France), P. csikii (native to the Central Balkans) and P. lumaireul (native to the North Adriatic Sea basins). Their introduction resulted from their use as angling live baits. Minnow populations in lowland streams were primarily comprised of native P. lumaireul, with only a single P. csikii specimen detected. While nuclear sequences of the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) marker were not useful for tracking the presence of alien alleles in these stream populations, the COI data emphasised the importance of using molecular tools to investigate cryptic species complexes that have been modified by anthropogenic activities.
G. B. Delmastro Ichthyology Section, Carmagnola Natural History Museum, Cascina Vigna, Via S. Francesco di Sales, 188, 10022 Carmagnola, TO, Italy
Keywords Cryptic invasion Alpine lakes Phoxinus lumaireul Multiple introduction European minnows Live baits
Abstract Invasive alien species are a major driver of biodiversity loss, with their impacts potentially more intense when complexes of cryptic species are involved. In freshwaters, the anthropogenic manipulation of fish communities has resulted in altered fish communities, and in Europe has increased the complexity of Phoxinus species assemblages. Here, we investigated the Phoxinus communities of the westernmost part of the Po river basin, where adjacent freshwater ecosystems (Alpine high-altitude lakes and lowland streams) are representative of different management strategies (i.e. manipulated fish communities
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02406-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
J. R. Britton Institute of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
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Introduction Invasive alien species are an important driver of biodiversity loss in aqu
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