Study on Mercury Methylation in Phragmites australis Soil and Its Influencing Factors
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Study on Mercury Methylation in Phragmites australis Soil and Its Influencing Factors Zhang Shiwei & Zheng Dongmei & Xin Yuan & Mao Ying & Shi Liu & Li Huiying
Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 25 June 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Soil samples of 0–10 cm and subsurface depths of 10–20 cm were collected from the Phragmites australis soil in the Liaohe Estuary, and different salinities (CK, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) were prepared in the laboratory under simulated water flooding; soil samples of two depths were added for cultivation under anaerobic conditions, measuring Hg and MeHg contents in soil samples. The results showed that with the increase of salinity, the content of Hg and MeHg in the soil decreased; when the salinity was 2.0%, salinity significantly inhibited the occurrence of mercury methylation. The mass ratio of MeHg in the soils at the depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm increased with the increase of the culture time. It showed that the MeHg mass ratio increased rapidly on the 15th day but decreased significantly on the 25th day; there was no significant correlation between the soil Hg mass ratio and pH and organic matter. The soil Hg mass ratio at a depth of 10–20 cm was negative to SRB correlation relationship; according to the linear relationship, when the SRB content was large, it was not conducive to provide more mercury ions for the occurrence of Z. Shiwei : Z. Dongmei : X. Yuan : M. Ying : S. Liu L. Huiying School of Environment, Shenyang Unitableversity, Shenyang 110000, China
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Z. Shiwei : Z. Dongmei (*) : X. Yuan : M. Ying : S. Liu : L. Huiying Key Laboratory of Regional Pollution and Ecological Restoration of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, China e-mail: [email protected]
mercury methylation. There was no significant negative correlation between Hg and MeHg in different depths of soil. Keywords Mercury . Methylmercury . Anaerobic biodegradation . Flooding salinity . Soil
1 Introduction Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that can be transported around the world with atmospheric circulation and is persistent, highly enriched, and severely biotoxic (Feng et al. 2009). Due to the artificial processes of fossil fuel combustion and metal smelting, a large amount of inorganic Hg is continuously released into the atmosphere, which increases the atmospheric Hg concentration (Pirrone et al. 1996). The long-term water accumulation environment and rich organic matter in wetlands can absorb Hg from wet and dry sedimentations and runoff input. They are important sources of Hg sinks and methylmercury (MeHg). Wetlands are sensitive ecosystems of Hg (Bachand et al. 2014). Hg can be converted into more toxic MeHg through methylation under certain conditions. MeHg is a highly lipophilic, highly neurotoxic organomercury compound (Clarkson and Magos 2006; Sathish and Amuthan 2014). It can expose humans to MeHg through bioconcentration and biomagnification (Mergler et al. 2007; Santos et al. 2007). The production of MeHg is mainly affected by the combination of bio
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