Sustainable Recovery of Resources from Industrial Wastewater: Trends in Biotechnology and Allied Industries
Various natural resources including freshwater reserve are depleting as a consequence of rapid increase in population. A sustainable wastewater system should aim at recovering energy and resource materials from waste discharge. Accordingly, this book chap
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Abstract
Various natural resources including freshwater reserve are depleting as a consequence of rapid increase in population. A sustainable wastewater system should aim at recovering energy and resource materials from waste discharge. Accordingly, this book chapter begins with a short introduction explaining the rationale behind the subject matter followed by a discussion on recent trends in the identification of resource materials from various types of wastewater. The major goal of the chapter, however, is to provide a comprehensive review summarizing recent advancement in various resource recovery technologies (bioelectrochemical systems, zero liquid discharge technologies, and adsorption-based recovery) commonly applied to sewage and effluent from biotechnology and allied industries. Finally, the chapter ends with a recommendation on development of economically feasible and environmentally benign resource recovery schemes for various types of wastewater. Keywords
Sustainability · Bio-industries · Resource recovery · Biorefinery · ZLD · Bioelectrochemical systems
Abbreviations AD AEM AGMD BECs
Anaerobic digestion Anion exchange membrane Air gap membrane distillation Bioelectrochemical systems
M. Muthuraj · B. Bhunia · A. Chatterjee (*) Department of Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Agartala, Tripura, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 M. P. Shah (ed.), Removal of Emerging Contaminants Through Microbial Processes, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5901-3_16
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BMED CEM DCMD DC-MFC DY ED EDM EDR FO MB MD MDC MDCs MEC MFC MLD NMCG PEM PVDF RO SC-MFC SF SGMD TDS UF VMD ZLD
1
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis Cation exchange membrane Direct contact membrane distillation Double chamber microbial fuel cell Drimarene Yellow K-2R Electrodialysis Electrodialysis metathesis Electrodialysis reversal Forward osmosis Maxilon Blue 5G Membrane distillation Microbial desalination cell Microbial desalination cells Microbial electrolysis cell Microbial fuel cell Minimal liquid discharge National Mission for Clean Ganga Proton exchange membrane Polyvinylidene fluoride Reverse osmosis Single chamber microbial fuel cell Sodium fluorescein Sweeping gas membrane distillation Total dissolved solids Ultrafiltration Vacuum membrane distillation Zero liquid discharge
Introduction
The pressing issue that startled life on earth is the environmental hazards caused by anthropogenic activities (Meena et al. 2019). The limited potable water resources of the planet have been persistently polluted with emerging contaminants, due to the urban expansion and associated industrialization that raised concerns on environmental sustainability (Meena et al. 2019). For instance, over ten billion tons/year of organic-rich wastewater is reported to be generated globally (Lu et al. 2019). A significant portion of this wastewater is often released into the aquatic bodies without adequate treatment leading to adverse effects on the environment and ecology (Lu et al. 2019). Conventional physi
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