Synthesis and characterization of novel semi-IPN nanocomposite hydrogels based on guar gum, partially hydrolyzed poly(ac
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Synthesis and characterization of novel semi‑IPN nanocomposite hydrogels based on guar gum, partially hydrolyzed poly(acrylamide), and pristine montmorillonite Ali Rahmatpour1 · Parvaneh Soleimani1 Received: 20 May 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A range of new semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) nanocomposite hydrogels based on guar gum (GG)/partially hydrolyzed poly(acrylamide) (HPAm)/sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) were synthesized in an aqueous solution by an in situ simultaneous cross-linking reaction between partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide chains and chromium acetate as an ionic cross-linker in the presence of GG. Interactions occurring in the resulting hydrogels and examining the structure and morphologies of the prepared hydrogels were studied by various techniques such as TGA, DMA, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The effects of GG/PAm weight ratio, cross-linking agent, and MMT nanosheets ratios were investigated and reaction variables optimized in response to hydrogel swelling properties. The morphological investigation revealed that MMTs were well dispersed in the nanocomposite matrix. The rheological analysis showed that the storage modulus of the semi-IPN nanocomposite hydrogels slightly raised with MMT addition up to 0.5 wt%, but it increased when the clay content was further growing. The equilibrium water absorbency of the semi-IPN gels in tap water and synthetic oil reservoir water slightly decreased as the concentration of the GG and MMT increased. The incorporation of MMT up to 1 wt% provided an improvement in the swelling capacity and further addition of it decreased the water uptake because of the participation in the cross-linking reaction, which enhanced the cross-linking density. Owing to the introduction of MMT, the nanocomposite hydrogels displayed higher resistance against syneresis in synthetic oil reservoir water as compared with unfilled hydrogels that is a desirable characteristic. The results indicated the novel MMT-based semi-IPN nanocomposite hydrogels can be potentially suitable for the chemically improved oil recovery area. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s0028 9-020-03408-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ali Rahmatpour [email protected] 1
Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Science, Shahid Beheshti University, P. O. Box: 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Hydrogels constituted of hydrophilic cross-linked macromolecular chains in three-dimensional network arrangement which renders them capable to quickly swell a high degree and retain a significant portion of water. The swelling capacity of polymeric hydrogels stems mainly from the strongly hydrophilic groups contained them and space–grid structure. When the hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, hydro
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