The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers Reviews and Protocols
Evolving technologies starting with tracer studies, and more recently with genomics and proteomics, have provided novel information about the molecular properties of cerebral endothelium and astrocytes; however, further studies must be done in animal mode
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Molecular Biology™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
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The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers Reviews and Protocols
Edited by
Sukriti Nag University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Editor Sukriti Nag, MD, Ph.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto, ON Canada [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60761-937-6 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-938-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-938-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover Illustration: Modified merged confocal image showing components of the neurovascular unit. Image provided by Anish Kapadia and Sukriti Nag. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface More than 100 years have elapsed since the discovery of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Evolving technologies starting with tracer studies, and more recently with genomics and proteomics, have provided novel information about the molecular properties of cerebral endothelium and astrocytes. The concept of the neurovascular unit has provided an impetus for in vitro studies of the interaction of brain endothelial cells with other components of the neurovascular unit such as pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons in steady states. However, such studies have to be done in animal models of neurological diseases and in humans to get a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of BBB breakdown in nervous system diseases. Determination of the temporal course of BBB breakdown and the parallel molecular alterations remain important goals to identify therapeutic windows and pertinent therapeutic agents which will modify the disease process and prevent irreversible brain damage. There is also the
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