The effect of maternal poliovirus antibodies on the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
The effect of maternal poliovirus antibodies on the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines Siyue Jia1†, Rong Tang1†, Guifan Li2, Yuemei Hu1 and Qi Liang1*
Abstract Background: Maternal poliovirus antibodies could provide passive immunity to the newborns from poliovirus infection during their first few months of life, but they may impair the immune responses of infants to the poliovirus vaccine as well. In our study, we pooled the data from three clinical trials of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) based on Sabin strains to investigate the effect of maternal poliovirus antibodies on the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines. Methods: There were five groups in the pooled analysis, including low-dose Sabin IPV, medium-dose Sabin IPV, high-dose Sabin IPV, control Sabin IPV, and control Salk IPV groups. We reclassified the infants in different groups according to their maternal poliovirus antibodies by two methods, the first one included maternal antibody negative (< 1:8) and maternal antibody positive (≥1:8), and the second one included maternal antibody titer < 1:8, 1:8 ~ < 1:32 and ≥ 1:32. Then, we compared the geometric mean titers (GMTs), geometric mean antibody fold increases (GMIs) and seroconversion rates of poliovirus type-specific neutralizing antibodies after vaccination among participants with different maternal poliovirus antibody levels. Results: The GMTs and GMIs of three types of poliovirus antibodies after vaccination in maternal antibody negative participants were significantly higher than those in maternal antibody positive participants. The seroconversion rates of type II and type III poliovirus antibodies in maternal antibody positive participants were significantly lower than those in maternal antibody negative participants. Among participants with maternal antibody titer < 1:8, 1:8 ~ < 1:32 and ≥ 1:32, the GMTs and GMIs of three types of poliovirus antibodies after vaccination showed a tendency to decline with the increasing of maternal antibody levels. The seroconversion rates of three types of poliovirus antibodies in participants with maternal antibody titer ≥1:32 were significantly lower than those in participants with maternal antibody titer < 1:8 and 1:8 ~ < 1:32. Conclusions: Maternal poliovirus antibodies interfered with the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines, and a high level of maternal antibodies exhibited a greater dampening effect. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04264598 February 11, 2020; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04264546 February 11, 2020; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03902054 April 3, 2019. Retrospectively registered. Keywords: Poliovirus vaccine, Maternal antibody, Immune response
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Siyue Jia and Rong Tang contributed equally to this work. 1 Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NO. 172 Jiangsu Rd., Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 20
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