The Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on Halitosis: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
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The Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on Halitosis: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Lu He 1 & Hongjiang Yang 1,2 & Ziyuan Chen 1 & Xiangying Ouyang 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study was to evaluate the effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on tongue coating–associated halitosis. Twenty-eight subjects having tongue coating–associated halitosis were randomly divided into either a test or control group. For each of the 30 days, the test subjects sucked S. salivarius K12 tablet while the control subjects sucked placebo tablets. All the subjects did not take physical (tongue scraping) and chemical (antiseptic mouth-rinse) oral cavity pretreatment prior to use of the tablets. At baseline, and on the 1st, 7th, and 14th day after completing the course of tablets, the subjects were assessed for their organoleptic test (OLT) scores, volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels, and tongue coating scores (TCS). During the course, all subjects kept their routine oral care habits without scraping their tongue coating. Plaque index, probing depth, and bleeding index were recorded at baseline and at the completion of the trial. On the 1st day following the end of tablet use, the OLT scores and VSC levels had significantly decreased in the test group when compared with the baseline values (P = 0.001 and P = 0.012). The TCS in the test group were also significantly decreased (P = 0.05). At days 7 and 14, the OLT scores in the test group were still significantly lower than the baseline levels (P = 0.006 and P = 0.039 respectively). However, there were no statistical differences with OLT, VSC, and TCS between the test group and the placebo group by analysis of multi-level regression model. The use of S. salivarius K12 did not have significant effect on halitosis with tongue coating cause when the tongue coating was not physically or chemically pre-treated, which implies removing tongue coating is required before Streptococcus salivarius K12 use. Keywords Halitosis . Tongue coating . Probiotics . Streptococcus salivarius K12
Introduction Halitosis can be clinically classified as genuine halitosis, pseudo-halitosis, and halitophobia [1]. Pseudo-halitosis refers to the situation where the patient does not have an actual breath odor problem (nothing can be detected by smell or scientific testing), but they are still certain that they do have bad breath [1, 2]. Halitophobia refers to the situation where a patient’s perception of a breath problem continues to exist despite the successful treatment of their genuine halitosis condition, or in Lu He and Hongjiang Yang are the co-first authors. * Xiangying Ouyang [email protected] 1
Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Stomatology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
the case of pseudo-halitosis, after receiving counseling [1]. Genuine halitosis is used when the malodo
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