Toxicity and Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Comprehensive overview of different aspects of autophagy as it relates to neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenesis of the main neurodegenerative disorders includes either the accumulation of altered or misfolded proteins or exposure to several toxics.

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Volume 9

Series Editors Richard Kostrzewa Johnson City USA Trevor Archer Gothenburg Sweden

Current Topics in Neurotoxicity consists of volumes that cover the latest developments in neurotoxicity studies including neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, and neuroregeneration. The series has a translational focus and addresses the causes of neurotoxicity associated with diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons Disease, autism, HIV associated dementia etc. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8791

José M. Fuentes Editor

Toxicity and Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Disorders

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Editor José M. Fuentes Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Departament of Biochemistry and Moelcular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy University of Extremadura Cáceres Spain

ISBN 978-3-319-13938-8    ISBN 978-3-319-13939-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-13939-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015930825 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, ­recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this ­publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism mediated by lysosomes, which is responsible for most of the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components and intracellular dysfunctional or damaged organelles. Increasing evidences suggest that autophagic deregulation causes accumulation of abnormal proteins or damaged organelles, which is a characteristic of chronic neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease(HD) o amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Indeed, promoting the clearance of aggregate prone proteins via pharmacological induction of autophagy has proved to be an useful mechanism for protecting cells against the toxic effects of these proteins in the cont