Toxico-pathological effects of heavy metals from industrial drainage wastewater on vital organs of small ruminants in La
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Toxico-pathological effects of heavy metals from industrial drainage wastewater on vital organs of small ruminants in Lahore Summaira Sharaf 1 & Muti-ur-Rehman Khan 1 & Asim Aslam 1 & Masood Rabbani 2 & Aisha Sharf 3 & Misbah Ijaz 4 & Ahsan Anjum 1 & Naqi Hussain 5 Received: 9 January 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Considering one health concept, human health is thought to be affected by many factors. Heavy metal toxicity is now gaining its place as one of the major factors contributing to detrimental outcomes for human health. The study encompassed to target sites close to the industrial area of Lahore where heavy metal levels are believed to be higher, as industrial waste is drained into the two main drains. Sheep and goats (n = 5 from each species) reared in the locality were included in the study, and effects of heavy metal toxicity were evaluated in the selected organs (intestine, kidneys, liver, and muscles) via histopathological examination along with residual concentration of these heavy metals in the aforementioned organs. Heavy metals chromium, copper, zinc, lead, iron, magnesium, manganese, and nickel were detected in sample of selected organs by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) along with digestion method. The findings of the study indicated a statistically significant difference of residual concentrations of almost all the selected elements in almost all the tissue samples between the two sites where the values of site 1 (close to the drain) were higher compared with site 2 (away from the drain). Similar trend was depicted in histopathological examination where a higher degree of tissue degeneration, necrosis, and hence organ damage was observed in tissue samples collected from site 1 compared with site 2. Keywords Heavy metals . Toxicity . Residual effects . Small ruminants . Histopathology
Introduction Heavy metal pollution is at top rank among environmental contaminants. Heavy metals are abundantly found
elements on the earth crust which have relatively higher density ranging between 4.5 and 5 g/dm (Kennish 1992). As other metallic substances, heavy metals also possess high atomic weight elements at room temperature. Trace
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Summaira Sharaf [email protected]
1
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences UVAS, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences UVAS, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, House no 58 Block P Valancia homes Valancia town, Lahore, Pakistan
Aisha Sharf [email protected]
4
Misbah Ijaz [email protected]
Department of Clinical Medicine And Surgery, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
5
Applied Chemistry Research Centre (ACRC) Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories
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