Trace metal in beach sediments of Velanganni Coast, South India: application of autoclave leach method
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Trace metal in beach sediments of Velanganni Coast, South India: application of autoclave leach method P. Krishnakumar & C. Lakshumanan & M. P. Jonathan & M. Sundararajan & M. Navarrete-Lopez
Received: 27 July 2012 / Accepted: 23 April 2013 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2013
Abstract The concentration of trace metals like Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were studied in beach and estuarine sediments of the Velanganni Coast, South East coast of India to understand metal pollution due to urbanization/industrialization. This area was affected by the urbanization activity like untreated effluent discharge, transportation and incineration of solid waste, etc. In this context, quality of the sediments was evaluated based on the enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index, and sediment quality guidelines. Furthermore, correlation matrix and principal compound analyses have been performed with SPSS 7.5 statistical software. The result illustrated that the metal enrichment is in the following order: Cd > Cr > Ni > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu. The level of Igeo suggests that Cd has moderately polluted the sediment class. Similarly, principal component analysis showed that Cd and Pb accounted for the anthropogenic pollution, but Pb P. Krishnakumar : C. Lakshumanan Centre for Remote Sensing, Bharathidasan University, Khajamalai Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620 023, India M. P. Jonathan Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, 07340, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico M. Sundararajan (*) CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Industrial Estate (P.O), Pappanamcode, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India e-mail: [email protected] M. Navarrete-Lopez Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio Central de Instrumentación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN),, Prol. de Manuel M Carpio y Plan de Ayala,Col. Sto. Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
inferred as its tracers level. The results strongly indicate anthropogenic sources for moderate input of Cd contamination in to Velanganni coastal sediments. Keywords Sediment quality . Trace metals . Enrichments . Velanganni coast . South India
Introduction The coastal environment is a complex phenomenon and is dynamic in nature. This environment has different types of ecosystems like beach, estuary, creek, lagoon, coral, sea grass, and mangroves etc. depending upon the geographical location. Such environment support both living organisms and variety of economic activity. In recent years, there has been a growing concern over the environmental impacts of coastal environment internationally. Over the past decades, the coastal environment have been more affected by sediment contamination due to both natural and anthropogenic causes as sediments are a well-known sink f
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