Ultra-Wideband Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for Cognitive Radio
In this chapter, an ultra-wideband (UWB) slotted E-shaped microstrip patch antenna is designed, and simulation tests are carried out for the applications of cognitive radio and navigation system. The antenna is designed in such a way that it suits for cog
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Abstract In this chapter, an ultra-wideband (UWB) slotted E-shaped microstrip patch antenna is designed, and simulation tests are carried out for the applications of cognitive radio and navigation system. The antenna is designed in such a way that it suits for cognitive radio networks. Normally, a bandwidth remains underutilized in cognitive radio network. To utilize the bandwidth efficiently, two different types of antennas, ultra-wide bandwidth antenna and reconfigurable antenna, are used. FR4 substrate is used with inset feeding technique employment. The simulation tests are carried out on ADS toolbox. It has reduced both the fabrication complexity and cost. E-shaped microstrip patch antenna is tested for functional performance with the frequency range 2–4 GHz. A return loss is observed in the range from −12 to −35 dB. Gain is about 9 dB, and efficiency varies from 72 to 100%.
Keywords Cognitive radio networks UWB slotted microstrip patch antenna ADS tool FR4 substrate Inset feed
1 Introduction Cognitive radio is an intelligent radio which allows changing the system parameters according to the environment. It can adapt to a new situation easily to keep up the quality of service. Cognitive radio networks provide solutions for spectrum congestion issues and uncertainty in occupancy of spectrum. The case can be that of continuous use of one spectrum band while other frequency spectrum is unused most of the time. This problem can be minimized by using one frequency band by other user who faces congestion. System and antenna flexibility can improve the cognitive M. Abirami (&) K.R. Kashwan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sona College of Technology (Autonomous), Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected] K.R. Kashwan e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 M.S. Reddy et al. (eds.), International Proceedings on Advances in Soft Computing, Intelligent Systems and Applications, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 628, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5272-9_9
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M. Abirami and K.R. Kashwan Radio Environment
Adaptation
Reasoning
Sensing
Analysis
Fig. 1 General block diagram showing operation of cognitive radio system
radio performance. Cognitive radio is operated in two modes, sensing mode and operating mode. UWB antenna is used for sensing mode, and narrowband antenna is used for operating mode. Sensing antenna senses the radio environment. Subsequently, the system can analyze the environment to reach on prediction and decision. Then, the system is reconfigured or adapted, depending upon the environment. The process of sensing and reconfiguration improves the system performance. There are two types of users in cognitive radio network, primary users and secondary users. Primary users are licensed user, and secondary users are unlicensed user. Operation of cognitive radio system helps the secondary user to use the spectrum of licensed band while the primary user is not using spectrum. If the primary user need
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