Utilization of biodegradable chitosan-derived sponges as oil retainers
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Utilization of biodegradable chitosan-derived sponges as oil retainers Radha Kuravappullam Vedaiyan 1
&
Palanivel Thyriyalakshmi 1
Received: 22 November 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract An innovative approach of chitosan-derived biodegradable sponges with high sorption capacity, excellent recyclability, and inherent oleophilic properties have been developed for the first time to remove the crude oil polluting the environment. Chitosannitrogen mustard ionic carbonate-β-cyclodextrin (CH-NMIC-CD), chitosan-nitrogen mustard ionic carbonate (CH-NMIC), and chitosan (CH) sponges with macropores were prepared using tripolylphosphate (TPP) by adopting subsequent lyophilization. Detailed characterization such as FTIR, TGA, XRD, and SEM has been done to confirm the formation, stability, crystalline nature, and morphology of the prepared sponges. The FTIR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of NMIC in CHNMIC-CD and CH-NMIC and the presence of β-CD in the (CH-NMIC-CD). It was found from the TGA results that the presence of β-CD makes the sponge CH-NMIC-CD stable. SEM analysis showed the morphology of the sponges found to be highly porous with interconnected macropores. The oil absorption capacity was 12.30 goil/gns higher for the sponge CH-NMIC-CD followed by CH-NMIC and CH. The sponges showed reusability excellently even after consecutive sorption-desorption separation cycles for five times. Moreover, the sponges were completely biodegraded within 25 days. The finding holds a promising future to use CH-NMIC-CD sponges in pollutant entrapment particularly in the removal of crude oil and allied area. Keywords Biodegradability . Chitosan . Sponge . Sorption . Carbonate moiety . Oil retention
Introduction In recent years, water pollution caused by oil spillage has emerged as a critical issue posing a severe threat to freshwater and marine environment (Zhu et al. 2011). Petroleum hydrocarbons and oils are essential raw materials commonly employed for the synthesis of polymeric materials. The release of these oils into water bodies are possible to occur during the process of their extraction, transportation, and storage operations (Bo Duan et al. 2014). Among the various water pollutants, the removal of petroleum crude oil has gained considerable attention as they have high impact on marine ecosystem. Since the marine ecosystem is involved in half of the
Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Radha Kuravappullam Vedaiyan [email protected] 1
Bio-products Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu Chennai-25, India
worldwide primary productivity, the development of ideal technology for the removal of crude oil is of high demand (Guix et al. 2012). Researchers now focus on development of an ideal absorbent for crude oil removal with high oil absorption capacity, high selectivity, excellently recyclable, very safe, and ecofriendly material (Chu and Pan 2012).
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