V 2 O 5 Nanorods with Improved Cycling Stability for Li Intercalation
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1170-R06-03
V2O5 Nanorods with Improved Cycling Stability for Li Intercalation Alexey M. Glushenkov1, Vladimir I. Stukachev2, Mohd Faiz Hassan3, Gennady G. Kuvshinov2, Hua Kun Liu3 and Ying Chen1 1
Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, GTP Building, Pigdons Road, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Deakin University, VIC 3217 Australia. Previous address: Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia. 2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Pr. Karla Marksa 20, Novosibirsk 630092 Russia. 3
Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia. ABSTRACT We have recently reported a solid-state, mass-quantity transformation from V2O5 powders to nanorods via a two-step approach [1]. In this paper we present detailed investigation of the growth process using x-ray diffraction, scanning/transmission electron microscopy and electron spin resonance. The growth of nanorods at intermediate stages has been examined. Oxidation, surface energy minimization and surface diffusion play important roles in the growth mechanism. INTRODUCTION Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is a traditional candidate for intercalation electrodes in Li-ion batteries and electrochromic devices. However, the performance of V2O5 particles is significantly limited by a slow rate of lithium diffusion in the lattice and a low electronic conductivity. Recent research shows that the electrochemical performance of V2O5 can be dramatically improved by using nanostructured V2O5. Nanostructures of vanadium pentoxide are able to solve the conventional problems of low conductivity and slow lithium diffusion and provide good electrode performance [2]. Although the capacities and rate capabilities are much better in V2O5 nanostructures, a good cycling stability is still an issue. Noticeable degradation of the working V2O5 electrode is commonly observed after the first few cycles. For example, an outstanding initial capacity of 1240 mAh g-1 recorded from a platelet-structured V2O5 film drops to about 200 mAh g-1 after 20 cycles [3]. It would be very attractive to find a V2O5 nanomaterial with a structure with a stable cyclic behavior. Another existing issue of V2O5 nanomaterials and, particularly, elongated V2O5 nanomaterials is the ability for mass production of such materials at a low cost and in a simple procedure. Chemical methods are dominantly used to synthesize nanostructured V2O5. These approaches include hydrothermal growth [4], sol-gel synthesis [5], electrochemical deposition [6] combined in some cases with the use of membrane-based templates [6, 7]. These preparation methods may involve special chemicals and equipment or particular types of templates such as polycarbonate or anodic alumina membranes with cylindrical pores. Apart from the chemical
methods, thermal evaporation approach has been recently employed to produce nanowires and nanobe
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