Valorization of Biomass-Derived Platform Molecules via Photoredox Sustainable Catalysis
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REVIEW
Valorization of Biomass‑Derived Platform Molecules via Photoredox Sustainable Catalysis Qiong Lin1,2 · Yue‑Hua Li1,2 · Zi‑Rong Tang2 · Yi‑Jun Xu1,2 Received: 10 July 2020 / Revised: 19 July 2020 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The conversion of biomass into valuable chemicals has promise for application in biorefineries. Light-driven photoredox catalysis, with the typical features of green route and operation under mild conditions, is considered a promising strategy for renewable biomass or biomass-derived intermediates conversion into high-value-added chemical feedstocks. In this review, we strongly emphasize the recent advances in photocatalytic valorization of lignin model compounds and biomassderived alcohols. We briefly summarize the advances in photocatalytic cleavage of the β-O-4 bond or C–C bond into usable chemicals in the lignin model. On the other hand, we clarify not only the hybrid system for cooperative biomass-relevant alcohols oxidation and hydrogen (H2) evolution but also the tunable accessibility to variation of the target products from the same alcohol reactant by catalyst design and optimization of reaction conditions. It is hoped that this review will inspire the rational design of photoredox catalysis-based systems toward efficient biomass-derived platform molecules valorization to obtain target-oriented valuable products. Keywords Biomass · Photoredox catalysis · Value-added chemicals · Selective oxidation
Introduction Exploring the alternative and sustainable feedstocks has recently attracted substantial attention because of the shortage of fossil resources [1]. Biomass, which is available in large amounts and includes all animals, plants, and microorganisms, is an important part of renewable energy [2]. Thus, the efficient development and use of biomass will play a very vital role in resolving energy and ecological issues. Lignocellulose is a typical representative of biomass consisting of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Among these substances, lignin, which accounts for 30% of the total mass [3], is the only relevant renewable feedstock for aromatic compounds [2]. Although the traditional strategies for the transformation and fragmentation of lignin have made progress, the high energy consumption and harsh reaction conditions * Yi‑Jun Xu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
College of Chemistry, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
2
are always hazardous to the environment. In contrast, the bio-enzymatic degradation of lignin can occur under mild conditions, but the higher cost of enzyme increases the overall cost of the process [4]. Within this context, photocatalytic valorization of biomass has received substantial attention because of its low energy consumption and secondary-pollution-free operation [5–9]. Noticeably, the photoredox-catalyzed conversion of biomass-derived alcohols (such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,
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