Vicia sativa Roth . Can Reduce Soil and Water Losses in Recently Planted Vineyards ( Vitis vinifera L.)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Vicia sativa Roth. Can Reduce Soil and Water Losses in Recently Planted Vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.) Jesús Rodrigo‑Comino1,2 · Enric Terol3 · Gaspar Mora3 · Antonio Giménez‑Morera4 · Artemi Cerdà1 Received: 2 October 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Elevated soil loss and runoff rates can reduce soil fertility; therefore, soil erosion control strategies must be implemented at the hillslope and watershed scale when plantations are established and the soil is bare. In this research, we propose the use of the Vicia sativa Roth. to reduce the soil losses during the first year to control the peak of soil erosion after the plantation in tilled vineyards. To test its efficiency, rainfall simulation experiments were carried out with field surveys in The Casa Pago Gran, in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Our results demonstrate that soil properties (organic matter and soil bulk density) and soil erosion (soil loss, runoff and sediment concentration) were significantly different between the control plot (tilled) and with cover crops along with August 2016, 2017 and 2018 measurement periods, but not during January 2016, coinciding with the initial survey before the vetch sown. Runoff initiation was delayed in 3.7 times after 3 years (from 190 till 709 s). The runoff discharge was reduced by the Vicia sativa from 32.87 till 13.68%, the sediment concentration went down from 18.54 till 3.81 gr l−1 and the soil erosion from 3.36 to 0.29 Mg ha−1 year−1. An increase in soil bulk density was registered but did not affect the runoff generation either the soil losses, that was reduced by the plant cover. We conclude that it is necessary to include soil erosion control measures such as the use of Vicia sativa to reduce soil erosion processes during the first stages of the vineyard plantations due to the soil quality improvements and the reduction in soil and water losses. Keywords Soil erosion · Vineyards · Soil management system · Land degradation
* Jesús Rodrigo‑Comino [email protected] Enric Terol [email protected] Gaspar Mora [email protected] Antonio Giménez‑Morera [email protected] Artemi Cerdà [email protected] 1
Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, Valencia University, Blasco Ibàñez, 28, 46010 Valencia, Spain
2
Department of Physical Geography, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany
3
Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy, and Photogrammetry, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
4
Departamento de Economía y Ciencias Sociales, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy, Universitat Politècnica de València. Plaza Ferrandiz y Carbonell s/n, Alcoy, 03801 Alicante, Spain
1 Introduction Soil erosion has been found not sustainable in many agriculture landscapes of the world (e.g.,Bayramin et al. 2006; Mohammed et al. 2020b; Panagos and Katsoyiannis 2019) inducing severe land degradation processes (García-Ruiz et al. 2015; Salvati et al. 2016). The strategies to control s
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