Viral disease of tomato crops ( Solanum lycopesicum L.): an overview
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REVIEW
Viral disease of tomato crops (Solanum lycopesicum L.): an overview Sheue Ni Ong1 · Sima Taheri1 · Rofina Yasmin Othman1,2 · Chee How Teo1 Received: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 25 April 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Global production of tomato has been hampered by the increased incidences of tomato viral disease. The high genetic heterogeneity of tomato plant viruses, because of their high mutation rates, has lead to ineffective control strategies and the fast spread of the viruses. Viruses utilize the resources in host plants for their replication. Therefore, identification and removal of the non-redundant proteins in the tomato plant based on the biological properties of the virus combined with an RNAi strategy may be a future control strategy. In this review, fourteen tomato viral diseases and their causal agents are reviewed and the control strategies for tomato viral diseases are discussed. Keywords Tomato · Plant virus · Symptoms · Genomes · Insect vector · Plant virus control
Introduction Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., is a major cultivated agriculture crop all around the globe, which garnered a worldwide production of over 180 million tonnes in 2017 (FAOSTAT 2019). Based on the data from FAOSTAT (2019), China has the highest tomato production with over 59 million tonnes in 2017 followed by Turkey, USA, Egypt, Italy, Spain, Mexico, Nigeria, Brazil and the Russian federation. Tomato can be consumed fresh or sold as soups, sauces and ketchup (Harvey et al. 2002). Besides being an edible food, several secondary metabolites found in tomato can be used as anti-oxidant and may also have anti-cancer functions (Raiola et al. 2014). However, as a crop, the high susceptibility of tomato to virus disease causes yield decline of between 70 and 95% and could affect supply (Rashid et al. 2016). Plant viruses consist of both DNA and RNA viruses where they can be in the form of a single- or doublestranded DNA or RNA (Wang et al. 2012). The difference * Rofina Yasmin Othman [email protected] * Chee How Teo [email protected] 1
Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
between DNA and RNA viruses is their mode of replication where DNA viruses rely on the DNA replication machinery of the host and RNA viruses do not rely on the cellular DNA machinery of the host (Wang et al. 2012). Control of plant viruses remains an important agriculture issue due to its high mutation rate that promotes divergence of genetic strains (Garcia-Arenal et al. 2001). This leads to the need to study the host–virus interactions and viral gene expression to develop sustainable and efficient viral control strategies. This review targets to collate the current information on the viral genome, transmission methods, viral vectors and host plants as well as disease symptoms of virus diseases infecting tomato to provide a better un
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