Visualization of the tissue distribution of fullerenols in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) using imaging mass spectrometry
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RESEARCH PAPER
Visualization of the tissue distribution of fullerenols in zebrafish (Danio rerio) using imaging mass spectrometry Qiuyue Shi 1,2 & Cheng Fang 3,4 & Zixing Zhang 1 & Changzhou Yan 1 & Xian Zhang 1 Received: 14 April 2020 / Revised: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With the wide application of fullerenols in biomedicine, their environmental exposure risks and toxicity to organisms have been extensively studied. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the distribution of fullerenols in organisms as an important aspect of their mechanism of toxicity. High-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is an emerging technology for researching the distribution of molecules in biological tissue samples. Using this high-resolution technique, we map the distribution of fullerenols in zebrafish tissues, and the results suggest that fullerenols enter the gill, intestine, and muscle tissues and even permeate the blood-brain barrier, reaching the brain of zebrafish after aquatic exposure. Moreover, from the MS images of fullerenols, the distribution amount of fullerenols is highest in the gill, followed by that in the intestine and the small amount in muscle and brain tissues. As an emerging environmental pollutant, the establishment of this research method will provide a new method for the study of the environmental toxicity of carbon nanomaterials. Our results also indicated that this high-resolution imaging method could be applied to explore the mechanism of interaction between carbon nanomaterials and biological systems at the cellular level in the future. Keywords MALDI-IMS . Distribution . Tissue . Fullerenols
Introduction The biomedical application of nanomaterials and nanotechnological devices is increasing in disease therapy and diagnosis, especially in drug delivery systems for targeting cancer tissues in the brain [1–3]. Consequently, it has caused public concern about the potential adverse effects of nanoparticles. This is because nanoparticles are reported to potentially have biological activity and may interfere with normal biological systems [4].
* Xian Zhang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
4
Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
For example, fullerenols, which are water-soluble hydroxylated fullerenes, have enormous potential in biomedicine, such as in disease diagnosis and cancer treatment, due to their antioxidant properties and biocompatibility [5, 6]. Studies have shown that fullerenol can improve the survival rate of cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation an
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