Weak Antiferromagnet Iron Borate FeBO 3 . Classical Object for Magnetism and the State of the Art
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ntiferromagnet Iron Borate FeBO3. Classical Object for Magnetism and the State of the Art S. G. Ovchinnikova,*, V. V. Rudenkoa,**, N. V. Kazaka, I. S. Edelmana, and V. A. Gavrichkova a Kirensky
Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received January 31, 2020; revised March 4, 2020; accepted March 5, 2020
Abstract—The simple lattice and magnetic structure, the high Néel temperature, the narrow antiferromagnetic resonance line of FeBO3, and the narrow electron paramagnetic resonance line of its isostructural diamagnetic analogs MBO3:Fe3+ (M = Ga, In, Sc, Lu) make iron borate unique for investigations and applications. Iron borate is a model crystal for numerous experimental and theoretical studies, including spin crossovers and metallization at megabar pressures and many-electron effects in optics and X-ray spectroscopy. The recent works dealing with the investigation of the properties of FeBO3 are reviewed. DOI: 10.1134/S106377612007016X
1. INTRODUCTION FeBO3 crystals have two antiferromagnetic sublattices with a low canting angle between them and represent a typical example of weak ferromagnets, the discovery and investigation of which are related to A.S. Borovik-Romanov and its works in the late 1950s. A weak ferromagnet moment in transition metal carbonates with a rhombohedral calcite structure MCO3 (M = Mn, Ni, Co), which are isostructural to the FeBO3 iron borate [1], was revealed in those works. Before those works, weak ferromagnetism was only observed in natural, i.e., rather dirty, hematite crystals and was attributed to impurities. The use of high-sensitivity experimental equipment and high-purity synthetic crystals allowed Borovik-Romanov to comprehensively study this unusual phenomenon, to show that the detected magnetism is the intrinsic property of an antiferromagnetic structure, which is not associated with the contamination of samples, and to advance an idea (which was unusual for that time) that the spins in these antiferromagnets are not exactly collinear. Borovik-Romanov et al. [1–4] experimentally studied the main static and resonance properties of rhombohedral MCO3 crystals and hematite and laid the basis of a phenomenological description of weak ferromagnetism. Bernal et al. [5] was the first to synthesize the FeBO3 compound in 1963 when studying the reactions between metal and boron oxides. He described the technology of solution–melt solidification of thin yellow–green single-crystal plates (in particular, Fe0.9Ga0.1BO3) using a borate–lead solvent. In the
Soviet Union, Seleznev and Rudenko [6] were the first to synthesize iron borate crystals in the Kirensky Institute of Physics in 1972, and the crystals were in great demand in the leading scientific institutes of the country [7–9]. Later, Seleznev and Rudenko transferred their technology to V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University (Simferopol). Large iron borate crystals were synthesized using gas transport [10] and from a solution
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