Wine, Beer and Cider: Unravelling the Aroma Profile
The aroma profile of alcoholic beverages is a major factor that distinguishes one product from another, and it is a key attribute that drives consumer preference at points of sale. A longstanding objective has, therefore, been to identify those aromatic c
- PDF / 540,775 Bytes
- 37 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 92 Downloads / 245 Views
Wine, Beer and Cider: Unravelling the Aroma Profile Amparo Gamero, Vicente Ferreira, Isak S. Pretorius and Amparo Querol
Abstract The aroma profile of alcoholic beverages is a major factor that distinguishes one product from another, and it is a key attribute that drives consumer preference at points of sale. A longstanding objective has, therefore, been to identify those aromatic compounds that are important to particular olfactory attributes of different styles of wine, beer and cider—whether perceived ortho- or retro-nasally—and to modulate them according to consumer preferences. That this has been achieved only to a relatively small extent to date is partly a reflection on the complexity of the perception of aroma mixtures and also the presence of very low concentrations of potent aroma compounds in these products. It is known, although perhaps not appreciated as widely as it should be, that aroma compounds will interact with each other, with masking or suppressing effects being probably universal for compounds at supra-threshold concentrations, together with additive interactions for compounds at sub-threshold concentrations. Thus it is likely that volatile compounds with marginal aroma impact when isolated, can together provide an influence on aroma. Some of these aroma-active compounds are produced during fermentation. Different yeasts produce differing ranges of aromaactive substances, which may greatly affect the complex flavour of a fermented product such as wine, beer and cider. While these secondary metabolites are often formed only in trace amounts, their concentrations may well determine the distinct aroma of these beverages. This chapter reviews the production of the most important aroma-active compounds produced by yeast at molecular level and seeks to understand how they might be perceived by consumers. A. Gamero A. Querol (&) Departamento de Biotecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Burjassot 46100 Valencia, Spain e-mail: [email protected] V. Ferreira Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain I. S. Pretorius Chancellery, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
J. Piškur and C. Compagno (eds.), Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55013-3_10, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
261
262
A. Gamero et al.
10.1 The Fundamentals of Aroma and Flavour Perception of Fermented Alcoholic Beverages The aroma of a given foodstuff is formed by the pool of volatile molecules contained in that product with the ability to impact the olfactory receptors located in the olfactory region in the human nose. Since volatile molecules can reach this olfactory region both via orthonasal and retronasal pathways, the information elicited by those receptors affects two different sensory properties of products, i.e. their smell and their flavour. Smell is primarily information originating from the excited olfactory receptors together with, event
Data Loading...
