Rapid photodecolorization of methyl orange and rhodamine B using zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by pullulan at differ
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Rapid photodecolorization of methyl orange and rhodamine B using zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by pullulan at different calcination conditions Eleen Dayana Mohamed Isa1 · Kamyar Shameli1 · Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh1,2 · Roshasnorlyza Hazan3 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University 2020
Abstract Water is one of the humanity’s major resources, but it is actually at risk due to growth and urbanization. Water reclamation and reuse was introduced as one of the solutions. However, the presence of organic pollutants, such as dyes, in the reclaim water can cause adverse effect to human. The dyes can be removed through photocatalysis process where semiconductor materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO) is used as the catalyst. In this research, several zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were developed with pullulan as the capping agent through green synthesis. The impact of calcination conditions on the properties of synthesized ZnO NPs was explored. All the synthesized samples were subjected to photocatalytic degradation of two dyes, methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB). The results indicated that with the increment of calcination temperature, the average particles size increased from 28.86 to 127.69 nm and the surface area reduced from 30.7996 to 12.3757 m 2 g−1. As the calcination time changed, substantial impact was observed where, as calcination time increased to 2 h, the average particles size and the surface area significantly increased and reduced, respectively. The best photocatalytic degradation of MO and RhB was observed using ZnO NPs produced at 400 °C and 1 h calcination conditions. Overall, ZnO NPs have a good prospect to be applied for removal of dyes in wastewater.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00358-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kamyar Shameli [email protected] Eleen Dayana Mohamed Isa [email protected] Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh [email protected] Roshasnorlyza Hazan [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia‑Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3
Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry
Graphic abstract
Keywords Zinc oxide nanoparticles · Pullulan · Green synthesis · Photocatalytic activity
Introduction A large number of regions across the world are facing declining resources of water. It was projected that by 2050, due to imbalance of water demand and supply, approximately 6.75 million surface water deficits will occur [1]. One of the way to mitigate this is through water reclamation and reuses project [2]. Unfortunately, due to the d
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