Reversible chelating polymer for determination of heavy metals by dispersive micro solid-phase extraction with ICP-MS
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Reversible chelating polymer for determination of heavy metals by dispersive micro solid-phase extraction with ICP-MS Ahmad Rohanifar 1,2 Jon R. Kirchhoff 1,2,4
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Niloofar Alipourasiabi 3
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Govind Sharma Shyam Sunder 1,2
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Joseph G. Lawrence 3
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Received: 15 February 2020 / Accepted: 29 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract N-functionalization of pyrrole with carbon disulfide and subsequent chemical polymerization resulted in the development of a new sorbent material for the extraction of metals. The synthesized polymer, poly(pyrrole-N-carbodithioic acid) (PPy-CS2), is an air-stable, granular powder that is insoluble in water. PPy-CS2 combines pH-dependent chelation, extraction, and desorption sorbent properties that are exploited for the selective extraction and sensitive determination of heavy metals in water matrices using ultrasound-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Excellent removal and recovery of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) were achieved and compared with unfunctionalized polypyrrole, which demonstrated extraction resulted from chelation of the metal ions. The extraction efficiency of the PPy-CS2 sorbent as a function of pH, amount of sorbent, extraction time, and flow rate of the desorption solution were evaluated. Limits of detection ranged from 0.3 for cadmium to 11.2 ng/L for zinc with linear dynamic ranges from 0.1 to 500 μg/L and relative standard deviations from 2.2 to 6.3%. The sample preparation method was successfully applied for determination of the target metals in raw well water, treated well water, and river water. Validation was performed by analysis of a certified reference standard for trace metals in drinking water. Keywords Dispersive solid-phase extraction . Sample preparation . Heavy metal determination . Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . Water analysis
Introduction Metals are vital elements for human health and important building blocks for new materials and industrial growth. However, concerns Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04308-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jon R. Kirchhoff [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Dr. Nina McClelland Laboratory for Water Chemistry and Environmental Analysis, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
exist over heavy metals entering the environment due to their toxicity and potential for causing physiological harm to animals and humans [1, 2]. Methods for the determination and removal of heavy metals, especially ones that are inhe
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